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Litovoi, also Litvoy, was a Vlach//Romanian ''voivode'' in the 13th century whose territory comprised northern Oltenia (Romania). He is mentioned for the first time in a diploma issued by king Béla IV of Hungary (1235–1270) on 2 July 1247.〔 The diploma granted territories to the Knights Hospitaller in the Banate of Severin and ''Cumania'', ''“with the exception of the land of the kenazate of Voivode Litovoi,”'' which the king left to the Vlachs ''“as they had held it”''.〔 The king’s diploma also refers to the ''kenazate''s of Farcaş and John and to a certain ''voivode'' Seneslau.〔 Although the names of Litovoi and Seneslau are of Slavic origin, they are expressly said to be Vlachs ''(Olati)'' in the king's diploma.〔 Bulgarian historian Vasil Zlatarski, based on an information of Rashid-al-Din and other sources, suggests that the voivodeship of Litovoi was under the suzerainty of the Second Bulgarian Empire.〔(Златарски, Васил. История на българската държава през средните векове. Том III, с. 370-375 ) See also Коледаров, Петър. Политическа география на средновековната българска държава, с. 59-60.〕 It seems that Litovoi was the most powerful of all the above local rulers.〔 His territories were exempted from the grant to the knights,〔 but half of the royal taxes generated by his land ''(terra Lytua)'' was assigned to the Hospitallers – except for the income from the Haţeg district (''terra Harszoc'' in the diploma’s only surviving, papal copy), which the king kept all for himself. According to the Romanian historian Ioan Aurel Pop, the king had grabbed Haţeg from Litovoi shortly before 1247.〔 In 1277 (or between 1277 and 1280),〔 Litovoi was at war with the Hungarians over lands king Ladislaus IV of Hungary (1272–1290) claimed for the crown, but for which Litovoi refused to pay tribute.〔 Litovoi was killed in battle.〔 This event is recounted in the king’s letter of grant of 8 January 1285, in which king Ladislaus IV donated villages in Sáros County (today in Slovakia) to Master George, son of Simon, who had been sent against Litovoi.〔 Ioan Aurel Pop argues that the Litovoi mentioned in the diploma of 1247 was not identical to the Litovoi whose death is described in the letter of grant of 1285, and the latter was probably the former’s successor.〔 == See also == *Foundation of Wallachia *Bărbat *Farcaş *John (knez) *Seneslau 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Litovoi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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