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Local government in Pennsylvania is government below the state level in Pennsylvania. There are 6 types of local governments listed in the Pennsylvania Constitution: county, township, borough, town, city, and school district.〔(Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. ''Constitution''. Article III, Section 20 )〕〔(Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. ''Constitution''. Article IX, Section 14 )〕 All of Pennsylvania is included in one of the state's 67 counties, which are in total subdivided into 2,561 municipalities. There are currently no independent cities or unincorporated territories within Pennsylvania. Local municipalities can be governed by statutes enacted by the Pennsylvania General Assembly specific to the type and class of municipality; as a home rule municipality under a home rule charter adopted by the municipality; or by an optional form of government adopted by the municipality.〔The Pennsylvania Manual, Page 6-3.〕 Each municipality falls under a certain type of municipality, and certain types of municipalities are then classified according to their population. The General Assembly sets the population threshold for certain types of municipalities. There are currently nine classifications for counties, four classes of cities, two classes of townships, five classes of school districts, and no classes for boroughs or towns. Finally, villages and census-designated places are a part of the local community. Although they are not recognized local governments, they often refer to specific areas of township or other municipality and are often more familiar to people than the incorporated municipality. This can cause confusion to people who live outside the area and are not familiar with the local municipal structure. ==County== Counties in Pennsylvania serve the traditional roles for state including law enforcement, judicial administration, and election conduct. Some of the other functions that Pennsylvania's counties may perform include: public health, property assessment, and redevelopment. Some of the welfare functions often performed by counties include, mental health, geriatric care, community colleges, and library support.〔The Pennsylvania Manual, Page 6-4.〕 Pennsylvania is divided into 67 counties. Most counties are governed by a board of commissioners, consisting of 3 members. Two must be of the majority party and the third must be of the minority party, which is determined by which candidates receive the most votes, as 2 candidates from each party are on the November ballot. One of these members serves as the chair. The board of commissioners typically serves as both the legislative and executive body. In addition to the elected commissioners, most counties elect other officials, commonly called "row officers," that are independent of the board of commissioners. These offices include sheriff, district attorney, prothonotary, clerk of courts, register of wills, clerk of the orphans' court, recorder of deeds, treasurer, controller, auditors, and jury commissioners.〔 Seven counties currently have home rule charters: Allegheny, Delaware, Erie, Lackawanna, Lehigh, Luzerne, and Northampton. Philadelphia is a consolidated city-county with all of its county functions being administered by the city government.〔 In these counties, the types of officials elected is determined by the home rule charter, and often differ from the officials elected in most counties. Counties are further classified by population. Each classification has its own code set up by the General Assembly to administer county functions. The classification of counties are as follows: ( *): A county of the third class that is determined to have a population of 500,000 or more may elect to continue to be a county of the third class.〔Act of August 9, 1955 (P.L. 323, No. 130), § 210, as most recently amended by the Act of December 22, 2011 (P.L. 610, No. 132).〕〔Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Resolution No. 86 of 2011, enacted December 27, 2011.〕 (~): A county having a population between 35,000 and 44,999 may elect to be a county of the sixth class.〔Act of August 9, 1955 (P.L. 323, No. 130), § 210, as most recently amended by the Act of December 22, 2011 (P.L. 610, No. 132).〕 (+): A county's population must be under the minimum for a class for two (2) censuses prior to a reduction in class.〔Act of August 9, 1955 (P.L. 323, No. 130), § 211, as amended.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Local government in Pennsylvania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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