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Loderunner : ウィキペディア英語版
Lode Runner

''Lode Runner'' is a puzzle video game, first published by Brøderbund in 1983. It is one of the first games to include a level editor, a feature that allows players to create their own levels for the game. This feature bolstered the game's popularity, as magazines such as ''Computer Gaming World'' held contests to see who could build the best level. Tozai, Inc. currently holds the intellectual property and trademark rights of ''Lode Runner''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tozai Games ® )
==History==
The prototype of what later became ''Lode Runner'' was a game developed by Douglas E. Smith of Renton, Washington, who at the time was an architecture student at the University of Washington. This prototype, called ''Kong'', was written for a Prime Computer 550 minicomputer limited to one building on the UW campus. Shortly thereafter, ''Kong'' was ported to VAX minicomputers, as there were more terminals available on campus. The game was programmed in Fortran and used ASCII character graphics. When ''Kong'' was ported to the VAX, some Pascal sections were mixed into the original Fortran code.
Over one weekend in 1982, Smith was able to build a crude, playable version in 6502 assembly language on an Apple II+ and renamed the game ''Miner''. Through the end of the year, he refined that version, which was black-and-white with no joystick support. He submitted a rough version to Brøderbund around October 1982 and received a one-line rejection letter in response to the effect of "Thank you for submitting your game concept. Unfortunately it does not fit within our product line.".〔
Smith then borrowed money to purchase a color monitor and joystick and continued to improve the game. Around Christmas of 1982, he submitted the game, now renamed ''Lode Runner'', to four publishers and quickly received offers from all four: Sierra, Sirius, Synergistic, and Brøderbund. He took the deal with Brøderbund.
''Miner'', like its text-based ''Kong'' predecessors, had only very simple animation where characters move across the screen in block increments. It was too primitive for an acceptable commercial product as Brøderbund wanted detailed pixel-level movement. According to this article, Smith was given a $10,000 advance by Brøderbund to develop the inter-square animation, and to provide 150 levels of play. In a 2010 interview, game designer John Romero claimed that Smith added the level editing function at the request of neighborhood kids he had testing the game, and "a ton" of the levels they designed ended up in the final game. It would be one of the first video games to include a level editor.〔
The game was released in mid-1983. The original microcomputer versions included the Apple II series, the Atari 8-bit family, the Commodore VIC-20, the Commodore 64, and the IBM PC. Of these, all versions besides the VIC-20 were on diskette, but the Commodore 64 also got a cartridge version with only 32 levels and no editor for users without disk drives. The VIC-20 port was cartridge only but did include a level editor which supported saving to either disk or cassette. The IBM version was originally on a self-booting disk; it is incompatible with video cards other than CGA. A later DOS rerelease appeared in 1986 which runs on any video card.
A port for the original 128k Macintosh followed in 1984; it will run on machines up to OS 6 and can also be used on System 7 with a patch. Other versions include those for the Atari ST, Sinclair Spectrum 48K/128K, a licensed version for the MSX computer published by ASCII Corporation, Sega SG-1000, NES, Windows 3.1, Macintosh, and the original Game Boy.
The NES version was released by Hudson Soft in 1984 (North American release 1986) and became one of the earliest third-party games made for that system. It had 50 levels, scrolling screens, added music, and graphics redone in a more cartoon-like style. In addition, fruits and vegetables randomly appear which may be grabbed for additional points. Although a level editor was included, there is no way to save levels created with it. An arcade game of ''Lode Runner'' was produced with some added features like the ability to hang off the ends of ladders and an improved enemy AI.
Brøderbund released a special enhanced version, ''Championship Lode Runner'', in 1985. It only had 50 levels, but with much higher difficulty than the original. The company offered a commemorative certificate to anyone who could submit proof of having beaten the entire game (and submitted proof of purchase to show that their copy of the game was not pirated). It was ported to the Apple, Atari, C64, MSX, and PC, as well as the NES (although that version did not reach North America).
The Atari 8-bit version of ''Lode Runner'' was converted to cartridge and re-released by Atari Corporation in 1987, as one of the series of releases for the Atari XEGS console. This version contained all 150 levels and the level editor, which required a disk drive.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Lode Runner」の詳細全文を読む



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