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"Logocentrism" is a term coined by the German philosopher Ludwig Klages in the 1920s. It refers to the tradition of "Western" science and philosophy that situates the logos, "the word" or the "act of speech", as epistemologically superior in a system, or structure, in which we may only know, or be present in, the world by way of a logocentric metaphysics. For this structure to hold true it must be assumed that there is an original, irreducible object which the logos represents, and therefore, that our presence in the world is necessarily mediated. If there is a Platonic Ideal Form then there must be an ideal representation of such a form. According to logocentrism, this ideal representation is the logos. == Logocentrism in linguistics == With the logos as the site of a representational unity, linguistics dissects the structure of the logos further and establishes the sound of the word, coupled with the sense of the word, as the original and ideal location of metaphysical significance. Logocentric linguistics proposes that "the immediate and privileged unity which founds significance and the acts of language is the articulated unity of sound and sense within the phonic."〔Derrida, p. 29〕 As the science of language, linguistics gains its scientificity by way of this semiotic phonology. It follows, therefore, that speech is the primary form of language and writing is secondary, representative and, importantly, outside of speech. Writing is a "sign of a sign"〔Derrida, p. 29〕 and therefore is also basically phonetic. Jonathan Culler in his book ''Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction'' says: :Traditionally, Western philosophy has distinguished "reality" from "appearance," things themselves from representations of them, and thought from signs that express it. Signs or representations, in this view, are but a way to get at reality, truth, or ideas, and they should be as transparent as possible; they should not get in the way, should not affect or infect the thought or truth they represent. In this framework, speech has seemed the immediate manifestation or presence of thought, while writing, which operates in the absence of the speaker, has been treated as an artificial and derivative representation of speech, a potentially misleading sign of a sign.(p. 11) This notion that the written word is a sign of a sign has a long history in Western thought. According to Aristotle (384BC-322BC), "Spoken words are the symbols of mental experience and written words are the symbols of spoken words."〔(Derrida, p. 30)〕 Also, to Rousseau (1712–1778): "Writing is nothing but the representation of speech; it is bizarre that one gives more care to the determining of the image than to the object."〔(Derrida, p. 27)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Logocentrism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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