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Lōʻihi Seamount
Lōihi Seamount (also known as Loihi) is an active submarine volcano located about off the southeast coast of the island of Hawaii.〔 The top of the seamount is about below sea level. This seamount lies on the flank of Mauna Loa, the largest shield volcano on Earth. Lōihi, meaning "long" in Hawaiian, is the newest volcano in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, a string of volcanoes that stretches over northwest of Lōihi. Unlike most active volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean that make up the active plate margins on the Pacific Ring of Fire, Lōihi and the other volcanoes of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain are hotspot volcanoes and formed well away from the nearest plate boundary. Volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands arise from the Hawaii hotspot, and as the youngest volcano in the chain, Lōihi is the only Hawaiian volcano in the deep submarine preshield stage of development.
Lōihi began forming around 400,000 years ago and is expected to begin emerging above sea level about 10,000–100,000 years from now. At its summit, Lōihi Seamount stands more than above the seafloor, making it taller than Mount St. Helens was before its catastrophic 1980 eruption. The summit is currently below sea level. A diverse microbial community resides around Lōihi's many hydrothermal vents.
In the summer of 1996, a swarm of 4,070 earthquakes was recorded at Lōihi. This series included more earthquakes than any other swarm in Hawaiian recorded history. The swarm altered of the seamount's summit; one section, ''Pele's Vents'', collapsed entirely upon itself and formed the renamed ''Pele's Pit''. The volcano has remained relatively active since the 1996 swarm and is monitored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The Hawaii Undersea Geological Observatory (HUGO) provided real-time data on Lōihi between 1997 and 2002. Lōihi last erupted in 1996, before the earthquake swarm of that summer.
==Characteristics==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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