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A longhouse or long house is a type of long, proportionately narrow, single-room building built by peoples in various parts of the world including Asia, Europe and North America. Many were built from timber and often represent the earliest form of permanent structure in many cultures. Types include the Neolithic long house of Europe, the stone Medieval Dartmoor longhouse which also housed livestock, and the various types of longhouses built by different cultures among the indigenous peoples of the Americas. == Europe == *The Neolithic long house type was introduced with the first farmers of central and western Europe around 5000 BCE—7000 years ago. *The Germanic cattle farmer longhouses emerged along the southwestern North Sea coast in the third or fourth century BC and might be the ancestors of several medieval house types such as the Scandinavian ''langhus'', the English,〔Description of a ( Medieval Peasant Long-house ) at the English Heritage website.〕 Welsh and Scottish longhouse variants and the German and Dutch ''Fachhallenhaus''. The longhouse is a traditional way of shelter. The medieval longhouse types of Europe of which some have survived are among others: *The Western British (i.e.Brythonic) 'Dartmoor longhouse' variants in Devon, Cornwall,〔http://www.historic-cornwall.org.uk/flyingpast/medieval.html#top〕 and Wales where it is known as the ''Ty Hir'' 〔(The Dartmoor Longhouse Poster (pdf) ) See also ''The Welsh House, A Study In Folk Culture'', Y Cymmrodor XLVII, London 1940, Iorwerth C Peate〕 Located along a slope, a single passage gives access to both human and animal shelter under a single roof. *The northwest England type in Cumbria〔(Longhouse in Cumbria )〕 *The Scottish Longhouse, "blackhouse" or ''taighean dubha''〔(Blackhouse in Scotland )〕 *The Western French ''longère''〔(L'Architecture Vernaculaire de la France ) by Christian Lassure, with a translation in english (here ).〕 or ''maison longue'' from Lower Brittany, Normandy, Mayenne, Anjou, (also in the Cantal, Lozère and the Pyrenees Ariège) is very similar to the western British type with shared livestock quarters and central drain. *The old Frisian ''Langhuis'' that developed into the Frisian farmhouse which probably influenced the development of the Gulf house (German: ''Gulfhaus''), that spread along the North Sea coast to the east and north. *The Scandinavian or Viking ''Langhus/Långhus'' and mead hall. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Longhouse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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