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Loperamide, sold under the brand name Imodium among others,〔 is a medication used to decrease the frequency of diarrhea.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/loperamide-hydrochloride.html )〕 It is often used for this purpose in gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and short bowel syndrome. It is not recommended for those with blood in the stool. The medication is taken by mouth.〔 Common side effects include abdominal pain, constipation, sleepiness, vomiting, and a dry mouth. It may increase the risk of toxic megacolon.〔 Loperamide's safety in pregnancy is unclear, but there is no evidence of harm. It appears to be safe in breastfeeding.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/loperamide.html )〕 It is an opioid that is not absorbed.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-drug?CdrID=41911 )〕 It works by slowing the contractions of the intestines.〔 Loperamide was first made in 1969 and used medically in 1976. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. It is sold as a generic medication and is not very expensive.〔 Wholesale the cost is about 0.004 to 0.04 USD a dose.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=LOP2T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=2%20mg&desc=Loperamide%20HCl&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=17%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2802%2E3%2E%29Medicines%20for%20other%20common%20symptoms%20in%20palliative%20care%3Cbr%3E%2817%2E%29Gastrointestinal%20medicines%3Cbr%3E )〕 In the United States it is about 0.20 USD a dose.〔 ==Medical uses== Loperamide is effective for the treatment of a number of types of diarrhea. This includes control of acute nonspecific diarrhea, mild traveler's diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic diarrhea due to bowel resection, and chronic diarrhea secondary to inflammatory bowel disease. It is also useful for reducing ileostomy output. Off-label uses for loperamide also include chemotherapy induced diarrhea, especially related to irinotecan use. Loperamide should not be used as the primary treatment in cases of bloody diarrhea, acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis, or bacterial enterocolitis.〔http://www.drugs.com/pro/loperamide.html〕 Loperamide is often compared to diphenoxylate. Recent studies suggest that loperamide is more effective and has lower neural side effects. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Loperamide」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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