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Loranthus
''Loranthus'' is a genus of parasitic plants that grow on the branches of woody trees. It belongs to the family Loranthaceae, the showy mistletoe family.〔Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1992 onwards. The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. (''Loranthus'' )〕 In most earlier systematic treatments it contains all mistletoe species with bisexual flowers, though some species have reversed to unisexual flowers, while most modern systematists treat it as a monotypic genus with the only species ''Loranthus europaeus'' Jacq. - the summer mistletoe or European yellow mistletoe. In contrast to the well known European or Christmas mistletoe (''Viscum album'' L., Santalaceae or Viscaceae) this species is deciduous. The systematic situation of ''Loranthus'' is not entirely clear, and some showy mistletoes in Asia may be true parts of this genus.
== Ecology ==
The showy mistletoes can be found throughout the world. If the genus is treated in a restricted sense, the species ''L. europaeus'' is restricted to central-southeastern Europe and Asia Minor, where it often ''partially parasite'' species of oak.
Some species of ''Loranthus'', in the broad sense, are troublesome parasites, for example they occur in Kerala India as a menace on mango trees (''Mangifera indica''), a majority of the Anogeissus latifolia trees in the Biligirirangan Hills of Karnataka are infected by ''Loranthus'' sp. and in Africa as pests in cocoa plantations. These plants grows strongly on ageing trees particularly somewhere in the middle of old branches. Once established, it steals minerals and water, as well as block sunlight by covering the encroached place. The flowers of ''Loranthus europaeus'' are small, green, usually have four to six parts and may be either unisexual or bisexual. Other species of a broader ''Loranthus'' have very large, showy flowers, with blooms in lively colours. The fruits are berries, usually containing a single seed, that are dispersed by birds.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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