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Lorillard Tobacco Company was an American tobacco company marketing cigarettes under the brand names Newport, Maverick, Old Gold, Kent, True, Satin, and Max. == History == The company is named for Pierre Abraham Lorillard, who founded the company in 1760. In 1899, the American Tobacco Company organized a New Jersey corporation, called the Continental Tobacco Company, that took a controlling interest in many small tobacco companies.〔https://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/US/221/221.US.106.118.119.html〕 By 1910, James Buchanan Duke controlled Lorillard and the American Tobacco Company even as it kept its original name. In 1911, the U.S. Court of Appeals found the American Tobacco Company "in restraint of trade," and issued a Dissolution Decree to the American Tobacco Company, which created the opportunity for Lorillard to become an independent company again.〔(P. Lorillard Tobacco Company )〕〔(FindLaw | Cases and Codes )〕 In 1925, Lorillard experienced great transition as Benjamin Lloyd Belt became president. Having been with the company since 1911, Belt made some decisions that made the company profitable. He began to prioritize on promoting the Old Gold brand instead of Beech-Nut chewing tobacco.,〔http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,930070,00.html (requires subscription to see full article)〕 using such tactics as Old Gold on Broadway and sponsoring Artie Shaw's program on CBS Radio from November 20, 1938 until November 14, 1939. Belt was still president when he died in 1937.〔http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,771980,00.html (requires subscription to see full article)〕 Lorillard Tobacco Co. opened a new cigarette plant on East Market St. in Greensboro, NC in 1956, moving cigarette manufacturing from Jersey City, New Jersey and Richmond, VA. Loews Corporation purchased Lorillard in 1968. Testifying under oath before Congress in 1994, Lorillard's CEO Andrew Tisch said that he didn't believe that nicotine is addictive nor that cigarette smoking causes cancer. In 1997, the firm's headquarters moved to Greensboro from New York City.〔http://web.archive.org/web/20071224114235/http://blog.news-record.com/staff/architecture/archives/2005/11/〕 The firm also manufactured cigarettes in Louisville, Kentucky. In 1997, Lorillard was one of four entities to initiate negotiations leading to the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement between "Big Tobacco" and 46 U.S. states. Loews created the Carolina Group as a holding company for its tobacco assets in 2002; it proceeded to sell a minority stake in Carolina on the New York Stock Exchange. Carolina was controlled by Loews until May 10, 2006, when Loews Corporation sold 15 million shares of Carolina Group, lowering its holding from a controlling 53.7% to a plurality 46.3%.〔(Loews Corporation to Sell 15,000,000 Shares of Carolina Group Stock )〕 The sale is valued at approximately $740 million. In 2006, Lorillard was convicted of racketeering under RICO, along with Philip Morris and RJ Reynolds.〔http://www.justice.gov/civil/case-4〕 The Supreme Court has upheld the verdict, in which Judge Kessler wrote,
In 2008, Lorillard Tobacco was entered into a separation agreement with its parent company Loews, and became an independent publicly traded company. In order to comply with FDA regulations, Lorillard had until June 22, 2010, to rebrand tobacco products marketed as "Lights", "Ultra-Lights", "Medium", "Mild", "Full Flavor", or similar designations to belie the false impression that some tobacco products are comparatively safe. In December 2010, a Boston jury returned a $151 million verdict against Lorillard Tobacco Company for giving out free samples of cigarettes to children in urban housing projects in the 1950s. The plaintiff, Marie Evans, was nine when she first received these samples, according to documents filed by her attorneys. She died of lung cancer before trial. In April 2012, Lorillard purchased privately held electronic cigarette company, blu eCigs, for $135 million in cash, marking the first foray by the tobacco industry into the electronic cigarette market. The electronic cigarette company had about $30 million in revenue in 2010, with blu eCigs sold in more than 13,000 retail outlets, including Walgreens and Sheetz.〔(Lorillard Buys Blu Ecigs; Profit Falls - WSJ.com )〕 In 2014, after negotiations with PETA, Lorillard announced it would no longer test its products on animals. In a statement, the company said they "will use scientifically accepted or validated alternative test methods and technologies that avoid the use of animals. Such methods and tests may include in vitro cell culture tests, advanced chemistry tests and computer modeling programs." On July 15, 2014, Reynolds American agreed to buy Lorillard, for $27.4 billion, uniting two of the country’s largest tobacco producers in a bet that bigger is safer in a declining industry.〔(Reynolds American to Buy Lorillard in $27.4 Billion Tobacco Deal )〕 The deal also included the sale of the Kool, Winston, Salem, and blu brands to Imperial Tobacco for $7.1 billion. The deal was finalized on June 12, 2015. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lorillard Tobacco Company」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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