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Losartan
Losartan (rINN) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist drug used mainly to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It was the first angiotensin II antagonist to be marketed. Losartan potassium is marketed by Merck & Co. Inc. under the trade name Cozaar, and is available in generic form.
==Medical uses==
As with all angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonists, losartan is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. It may also delay progression of diabetic nephropathy and is associated with a positive clinical outcome in that regard. It is a suitable pharmacological agent for the reduction of renal disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and microalbuminuria (>30 mg/24 hours) or proteinuria (>900 mg/24 hours).
Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most patients (due to both efficacy and cost), an angiotensin II receptor antagonist such as losartan is recommended as first-line treatment in patients under the age of 55 who cannot tolerate an ACE inhibitor.〔http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG034NICEguideline.pdf, p19〕 The LIFE study demonstrated losartan was significantly superior to atenolol in the primary prevention of adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction or stroke), with a significant reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality for a comparable reduction in blood pressure. A study hints that losartan has a beneficial effect on mitochondria by reversing age related dysfunction in maintaining normal blood pressure and cellular energy usage.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Switch in cell's 'power plant' declines with age; rejuvenated by drug )〕 The maximal effects on blood pressure usually occur within 3–6 weeks of starting losartan.
Losartan is also available as hydrochlorothiazide/losartan, a combination drug with a low-dose thiazide diuretic to achieve an additive antihypertensive effect.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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