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Boyash (or ''Bayash''; Romanian: ''Băieşi'', Hungarian: ''Beás'', Slovak: ''Bojáš'', South Slavic: ''Bojaši'') refers to a Romani ethnic group living in Romania, southern Hungary, northeastern Croatia, western Vojvodina, Slovakia, the Balkans, but also in the Americas.〔(Ludari in USA )〕 Alternative names are Rudari (Ludari), Lingurari and Zlătari. ==History== The Boyash are a branch/caste of the Romani people who were held as slaves in Wallachia and Moldavia together with other Romani castes, up until the latter half of the 19th century; such slavery was abolished in Romanian states in 1864. In particular, the Boyash were forced to settle in the 14th century and work in mining (a regionalism for ''mine'' in Romanian: "baie," from Middle Age Slavonic.). Due to their close proximity with Romanian-speaking people, they lost the use of the Romani language. Some groups relearned Romani when they came in contact with other Romani-speaking Romanis, after they emigrated from Romania (for example, in Ecuador). Another name for the Boyash, ''Rudari'', comes from the Slavic ''ruda'' ("metal", "ore"). However, a few centuries later, the mines became inefficient and the Boyash people were forced to readjust by earning their living making wood utensils (''Lingurari'' means "spoon-makers" in Romanian; also cf. Serbian ''ruda'', Hungarian ''rúd'', Romanian ''rudă'' meaning "staff, rod, pole, stick"). The nickname ''Kashtale'' ("wood-workers") was also given to them by the Romani-speaking Romanis and it has remained in Romani as a more general word for a Romani person who does not speak Romani. After the point at which they began to make wood tools they scattered themselves in isolated communities. The consequence of this is that nowadays they speak a distinct archaic dialect of Romanian, with borrowings from other surrounding languages. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Boyash」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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