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Colonia Copia Claudia Augusta Lugdunum (modern: Lyon, France) was a very important Roman city in Gaul. The city was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus. It served as the capital of the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis. For 300 years after its foundation, Lugdunum was the most important city in the western part of the Roman Empire after Rome . Two emperors, Claudius (Germanicus) and Caracalla, were born in Lugdunum. In the time period 69–192 AD the city population could be as large as 50,000 to 100,000. Even figures of up to 200,000 people are proposed by Albert Grenier. The original Roman city was situated west of the confluence of the Rhône and Saône, on the Fourvière heights. By the late centuries of the empire much of the population was located in the Saône River valley at the foot of Fourvière. ==Name== The Roman city was originally founded as ''Colonia Copia Felix Munatia'', a name invoking prosperity and the blessing of the gods. The city became increasingly referred to as ''Lugdunum'' (and occasionally ''Lugudunum''〔Cassius Dio, ''Roman History'', Book 46: ''Lepidus and Lucius Plancus () founded the town called Lugudunum, now known as Lugdunum''〕) by the end of the 1st century AD. During the Middle Ages, ''Lugdunum'' was transformed to ''Lyon'' by natural sound change. ''Lugdunum'' is a latinization of the Gaulish '' *Lugudunon'', meaning "Fortress (or hill) of (the god) ''Lugus''" or, alternately "Fortress of the champion" (if '' *lugus'' is a common noun cognate with Old Irish ''lug'' "warrior, hero, fighter"). The Celtic god Lugus was apparently popular in Ireland and Britain as is found in medieval Irish literature as ''Lug(h)'' and in medieval Welsh literature as Lleu (also spelled Llew). According to Pseudo-Plutarch, Lugdunum takes its name from an otherwise unattested Gaulish word ''lugos'', that he says means "raven" (κόρακα), and the Gaulish word for an eminence, or high ground (τοπον έξέχοντα), ''dunon''.〔Delattre, Charles (ed.), Pseudo-Plutarque, De fluviorum et montium nominibus et de iis quae in illis inveniuntur, Presses Univ. Septentrion, 2011, pp. 109-111.〕 An early folk-etymology of Gaulish ''Lugduno'' as "Desired Mountain", is recorded in a gloss in the 9th-century Endlicher's Glossary,.〔''Lugduno - desiderato monte: dunum enim montem'' Lugduno: "desired mountain"; because dunum is mountain"〕〔(Endlicher Glossary )〕 but this may in fact reflect a native Frankish speaker's attempt at linking the first element of the name, ''Lugu-'' (which, by the time this gloss was composed, would have been pronounced ''lu'u'', the -g- having become silent) with the similar-sounding Germanic word for "love", '' *luβ''.〔Toorians, Lauran, “Endlicher’s Glossary, an attempt to write its history”, in: García Alonso (Juan Luis) (ed.), Celtic and other languages in ancient Europe (2008), pp. 153–184.〕 Another early medieval folk-etymology of the name, found in gloss on the Latin poet Juvenal, connects the element Lugu- to the Latin word for "light", ''lux'' (''luci''- in compounds) and translates the name as "Shining Hill" (''lucidus mons'').〔Lugdunum est civitas Gallie quasi lucidum dunam, id est lucidus mons, dunam enim in Greco mons.〕〔Andreas Hofeneder, Die Religion der Kelten in den antiken literarischen Zeugnissen: Sammlung, Übersetzung und Kommentierung, Volume 2, Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2008, pp. 571-572.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lugdunum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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