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Luguvalium
Luguvalium was a Roman town in northern Britain in antiquity. It was located within present-day Carlisle, Cumbria, and may have been the capital of the 4th-century province of Valentia.
==Name==
The Romans called the settlement at what is today Carlisle ラテン語:Luguvalium.〔Antonine Itinerary〕 This was originally thought to mean "wall(town ) of Lugus" but has since been explained as a borrowed Brittonic placename reconstructed as
*Luguwalion, meaning "() of Luguwalos", Luguwalos being a masculine Celtic given name meaning "strength of Lugus". The name apparently continued in use among Brythonic speakers in the Hen Ogledd and Wales and it was during that time that the initial element ''caer'' ("fort") was added. The place is mentioned in Welsh sources such as Nennius, who calls it ,〔Ford, David Nash. "(The 28 Cities of Britain )" at Britannia. 2000.〕 and the ''Book of Taliesin'' where it is rendered 〔"Why Was Welsh Literature First Written Down?" in H. Fulton, ''Medieval Celtic Literature and Society'', Dublin: Four Courts Press (2005) ISBN 1 85182 928 8, pp. 15–31.〕 (Modern Welsh '). (These derived from the original Brittonic name, rather than from its Latin form.〔) The earliest record of the place in English is as Luel ();〔Bede's ''Lugubalia'' (c730 AD) is based on the Latin form.〕 later medieval forms include ''Cardeol'', ''Karlioli'', and ''Cærleoil''. These appear to suggest that the northern form of the name did not have the final ''-ydd''. (Compare the River Derwent in Cumbria with Derwenydd in Wales, both from Brittonic
*''Derwentjū''.)
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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