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Lumpenbourgeoisie
Lumpenbourgeoisie is a term used primarily in the context of colonial and neocolonial elites in Latin America, which became heavily dependent and supportive of the neocolonial powers. It is a hybrid compound of the German word ''Lumpen'' (''rags'') and the French word ''bourgeoisie''.
==in Latin America in the 1970's==
Lumpenbourgeoisie is a term often attributed to Andre Gunder Frank in 1972〔Kapcia Antoni, Antoni Kapcia, ''Havana: The Making of Cuban Culture'', Berg Publishers, 2005, ISBN 1-85973-837-0, (Google Print, p.15 )〕〔Hosam Aboul-Ela, ''Other South: Faulkner, Coloniality, and the Mariategui Tradition'', Univ of Pittsburgh Press, 2007, ISBN 0-8229-4314-X, (Google Print, p.73 )〕 (although the term is already present in Paul Baran's ''The Political Economy of Growth'' from 1957) to describe a type of a middle class〔 and upper class〔William Edwin Segall, ''School Reform in a Global Society', Rowman & Littlefield, 2006, ISBN 0-7425-2461-2, (Google Print p.146 )〕 (merchants, lawyers, industrialists, etc.);〔 one that has little collective self-awareness or economic base〔 and who supports the colonial masters.〔〔 The term is most often used in the context of Latin America.〔〔David Harrison, ''The Sociology of Modernization and Development'', Routledge, 1988, ISBN 0-415-07870-9, (Google Print, p.83 )〕
Frank writing on the origins of the term〔 noted that he created this neologism〔 ''lumpenbourgeoisie'' from lumpenproletariat and bourgeoisie because while the Latin America's colonial and neocolonial elites were similar to European bourgeoisie on many levels, they had one major difference. This difference was their mentality of the Marxist lumpenproletariat, the "refuse of all classes" (as described in Marx's ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon'') easy to manipulate to support the capitalist system, often turning to crime.〔 Similarly, the colonial elites would—while not involved in crime activities—hurt the local economy by aiding the foreign exploiters.〔〔David Seth Preston, ''Contemporary Issues in Education'', Rodopi, 2005, ISBN 90-420-1684-1, (Google Print, p.58 )〕 Foreign colonial powers want to acquire resources and goods found in the colonies, and they find this facilitated with incorporation of the local elites into the system, as they become intermediaries between the rich colonial buyers and the poor local producers.〔 The local elites become increasingly reliant on the system in which they supervise gathering of the surplus production from the colonies, taking their cut and before the remaining goods are sold abroad.〔 Frank termed this economic system ''lumpendevelopment''〔 and the countries affected by it, ''lumpenstates''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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