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Lunéville ((:ly.ne.vil) ; German: ) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in France. It is a subprefecture of the department and lies on the Meurthe River at its confluence with the Vezouze. ==History== Lunéville was a renowned resort in the 18th century, known as the capital of Lorraine. The grand Château de Lunéville, built in 1702 for Leopold, Duke of Lorraine to replace an older palace, was the residence of the duke of Lorraine until the duchy was annexed by France in 1766. The chateau was designed in the style of Versailles to satisfy Leopold's wife, Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, the niece of Louis XIV, and became known as the "Versailles of Lorraine". It includes a chapel designed by Germain Boffrand. Leopold and his wife were the parents of Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (through him they were the grandparents of Marie Antoinette). The last duke of Lorraine was Stanislaus I, the former king of Poland. A devout catholic, author, and philanthropist, Stanislaus had a church built and several follies in his gardens for the amusement and education of visiting Polish nobility and followers of the Enlightenment. The more famous visitors to his court were Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, André Morellet, and Montesquieu. After the death of his father-in-law in 1766, Louis XV of France annexed the duchy and turned the castle into a barracks, but much of the original construction has survived, and what remains is open to the public and the chateau's intricate parterre gardens, designed by Yves Hours (a pupil of André Le Nôtre) in 1711 and Louis de Nesle in 1724, are a public park today. It was over the nearby Fôret de Parroy, directly east of Lunéville, only some 11 months after the breakout of World War I that the first aerial victory by a fighter aircraft armed with a synchronized machine gun occurred on July 1, 1915, as ''Leutnant'' Kurt Wintgens of the German ''Fliegertruppe'' forced down an ''Aeronautique Militaire'' Morane-Saulnier L parasol monoplane. Neither member of the French aircrew was seriously wounded, while the French aircraft's Gnome Lambda engine received multiple hits to disable the aircraft.〔Grosz, Peter M., ''Windsock Datafile No. 91, Fokker E.I/II,'' Albatros Publications, Ltd. 2002. ISBN No. 1-902207-46-7.〕〔Sands, Jeffrey, "The Forgotten Ace, Ltn. Kurt Wintgens and his War Letters", Cross & Cockade USA, Summer 1985.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lunéville」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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