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Lusitanic is a term used to categorize persons who share the linguistic and cultural traditions of the Portuguese-speaking nations, territories, and populations, including Portugal, Brazil, Macau, Timor-Leste, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guinea Bissau and others, as well as the Portuguese diaspora generally. It is the Portugal-related equivalent of Spain-related ''Hispanic'', and both words are most often used to refer to their respective diasporas in the Western Hemisphere specifically. Depending upon contextual usage, both may be included within the meaning of ''Latino''. This adjective in the English-language is derived from ''Lusitanian'' ('person of Lusitania', (ポルトガル語:Lusitano, Luso), fem. '; from (ラテン語:Lusitanicus), from ''ラテン語:Lusitania'', the name of a Roman province in the Iberian Peninsula, and which encompassed most of modern Portugal). ラテン語:Lusitania remains one of the two official names of Portugal in the Latin language, especially in the Vatican State, and it was also formally and informally one of the two names used for the country in literature, cartography, and other written documents throughout Europe since the late medieval period (along with ''Portugal'', from the Romano-Celtic place name ''Portus Cale''). Despite having a distinct historical meaning, ''Lusitanian'' is sometimes used as a modern ethnonym synonymous with ''Lusitanic''. ''Luso-'' is a Late Latin prefix used to denote Portugal/Portuguese, in conjunction with another toponym or demonym. A Lusophone ((ポルトガル語:Lusófono/a)) is someone who speaks the Portuguese language, either natively or as an additional language. As an adjective (the Portuguese form of which is not capitalized), it means 'Portuguese-speaking'. The Lusosphere or Lusophony ((ポルトガル語:Lusofonia)), is the totality of Portuguese speakers around the world, and the influence of the language and culture. ==Origin== The term derives from the name of one Hispano-Celtic tribe, the Lusitani, that lived in the north-western part of the Iberian Peninsula prior to the Roman conquest; the lands they inhabited were known as Lusitania. The Lusitani were mentioned for the first time, by Livy in the 1st century BCE, as Carthaginian mercenaries who were incorporated in the army of Hannibal when he fought the Romans.〔 Written ca. 27–9 BCE. Digitized, translated, annotated, and indexed at the Perseus Greco-Roman Collection: 〕 Pliny the Elder states in ''Naturalis Historia'' (77–79 CE) that the Lusitanians were Celtiberians in particular, and ancestral to the Celtici of Baetica (now western Andalusia, Spain).〔 Written 77–79 CE. Quoted in: Reissued in 2012 in softcover as ISBN 978-1-84217-475-3. The text is also found in online sources: (), ().〕 The ultimate etymology of ''ラテン語:Lusitania'', like the origin of the Lusitani who gave the province their name, is unclear. By popular etymology in previous centuries, the name was connected to a supposed Roman demigod Lusus (literally 'Game', a personification of gaming found only in late Roman poetry) combined with an unattested "Celtic" word for 'tribe' or 'region': '' *Lus-'' + '' *-tanus'', 'tribe of Lusus'. Others connected ''Lus-'' with the Celtic god Lugus. After the conquest of the peninsula (25–20 BCE), Augustus divided it into the southwestern Hispania Baetica and the western Hispania Lusitania, the latter including the territories of the Celtic tribes known as the Astures (in Asturia) and the Gallaeci (in Gallaecia). In 27 BCE, the Emperor Augustus made a smaller division of the province: Asturia and Gallaecia were ceded to the jurisdiction of the new Provincia Tarraconensis, the former remained as Provincia Lusitania et Vettones. The Roman province of Lusitania comprised what is now central and south Portugal and parts of north-central Spain. Broader definitions of ''Lusitanic'' or ''Lusitanian'' may include medieval-to-modern Galicia, because the Portuguese people and Galician people share close linguistic and cultural ties, including pre-Roman Celtic ones. Modern Portuguese and the Galician language both derive from medieval Galician-Portuguese, and the term is a cultural classification more than a historic–geographical definition. Although, in Ancient Roman times, the Gallaeci were not part of Lusitania province, what became the Galician-Portuguese language developed from Vulgar Latin in Gallaecia, which comprised what is now Galicia, as well as north Portugal, the center of the development of post-Roman Portuguese culture. Later Portuguese use of the name ''Lusitania'' (and derived words) – primarily figurative, poetic, or historical – is parallel to the use of ''Gallia'' in France, ''Britannia'' in England, ''Caledonia'' in Scotland, ''Hibernia'' in Ireland, ''Batavia'' in the Netherlands, ''Helvetia'' in Switzerland, and ''Germania'' and ''Alemannia'' in Germany (called ''Deutschland'' in its own inhabitants' language). Belgium derived its present name from the Roman Belgica. This attachment to ancient Roman placenames was long used to maintain a "Roman connection" as a means of protecting respectability and legitimacy in political systems dominated by the Roman Catholic church and the (primarily Frankish and later German) Holy Roman Empire, which used Latin as an official language, while Latin remained the written language of the educated class until the early modern era. In the case of Portugal, use of ''Luso-'', ''Lusitan-'', and other such derivatives are attested, for example, in the first Portuguese dictionary, ''Dictionarium ex Lusitanico in Latinum Sermonem", published in 1569, and the epic poem ''Os Lusíadas'', published in 1572. This sort of connection to Classical Antiquity by use of evocative language saw an increase with the rise of Romanticism in the arts during the 19th century. Another Roman-revival term available to the Portuguese is ''Iberian'' and ''Iberio-'', but since it refers to the entire Iberian Peninsula, it is used also by and in reference to the Spanish, and thus is less specific. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lusitanic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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