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Lyoness
Since 2003, Lyoness has been the registered trademark name for a group of globally distributed (mostly privately owned, limited-liability) corporate structures, which originated in Austria.〔(“Lyoness Corporate Structure – Organigramm” ) “Lyoness Official Corporate Website”, June 7, 2013〕 Lyoness comprises at least 7 corporations registered in Switzerland,〔(“Moneyhouse: Lyoness” ), “Moneyhouse Company Register: Lyoness”, June 7, 2013〕 9 corporations registered in Austria〔(“Monetas: Lyoness” ), “Monetas Company Register: Lyoness”, June 7, 2013〕 and approximately 42 additional national and regional corporations all around the globe.〔 The name ‘Lyoness’ was derived from the Celtic mythological kingdom ‘Lyonesse’.〔Business People Top1000 2009, page 66〕 "Lyconet" has been introduced in 2014 as a new trademark name for the same group of corporations.
The main corporation, then called ‘Lyoness Holding Europe AG’, was registered in 2003 by Iwan J. Ackermann, Max Meienberg and Uwe Proch.〔Excerpt from the St. Gallen (Switzerland) Chamber of Commerce, April 30, 2013〕 In 2004, the publicly known CEO of Lyoness, Hubert Freidl, was hired by this corporation as a director.〔 Lyoness, in its entirety, has an estimated annual turnover of 1.2 billions euros (2012).〔 The shopping community has a self-proclaimed member of more than 4 millions (as of July 2014).〔 Lyoness is currently active in more than 40 countries, spread over 6 continents.〔
Lyoness is suspected to be a pyramid scheme in several of the countries it operates in. In homeland Austria, Lyoness has been declared a pyramid scheme by four independent civil courts.〔("Austrian Parliament" )〕 Criminal investigations have also been concluded by the Austrian Economic and Corruption Prosecutor ("WKStA"), who maintains that Lyoness operates an illegal pyramid scheme.〔(“Kleine Zeitung” ), “Kleine Zeitung: Lyoness investigation concluded”, August 27, 2015〕〔(“ORF” ), “ORF: Lyoness investigation concluded”, August 27, 2015〕 Lyoness expects to be cleared of all charges.〔(“Tiroler Tageszeitung” ), “Tiroler Tageszeitung: Lyoness expects to be cleared”, August 27, 2015〕 In Norway, Lyoness was found to have operated an illegal pyramid scheme in 2012 and 2013.〔("Lottstift" )〕 In Australia, Lyoness is under prosecution by the ACCC for operating an illegal pyramid scheme.〔("ACCC takes action against alleged pyramid scheme operator" )〕〔("Could you be caught in this and not know?" )〕 The trial has ended and the judgment was reserved.〔(“Commonwealth Courts” ), “Commonwealth Courts: Lyoness court events NSD884/2014”, August 28, 2015〕〔(“BehindMLM” ), “BehindMLM: Summary of the ACCC Lyoness 5-day trial”, August 3, 2015〕 In Sweden, the responsible authority concluded that Lyoness is a pyramid scheme and reported Lyoness to the Stockholm police.〔("Lyoness police reported for suspected pyramid scheme" )〕 While initially halted, an appeal by the Gaming Board led to a continuation of the investigation by the Stockholm Police.〔("Lotteriinspektionen: Halted investigation Lyoness successfully appealed" )〕 In Poland, France, Hungary and Lithuania, similar investigations have been conducted or are ongoing.〔〔("BehindMLM" )〕〔("Que Choisir" )〕〔( “Versenyhivatali eljárás indult a Lyoness Hungary Kft-vel és a Lyoness Europe AG-vel szemben” ), “Hungarian Competition Authority”, March 6, 2013〕〔("BehindMLM" )〕 In Greece, the Austrian Lyoness directors have been accused of various types of fraud by the local authorities.〔("News247" )〕〔("BehindMLM" )〕 Lyoness vehemently denies all allegations.
==Business model==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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