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Éditions L'Harmattan (usually L'Harmattan) is one of the largest French book publishers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.liberation.fr/livres/1997/03/06/autant-en-rapporte-l-harmattan_200699 )〕 It publishes 500 magazines and 2,000 new books per year, most as both books and E-books, and has a backlist of 38,000 books, 33,000 E-books, and 1,700 videos, with about a third each on Europe, Africa, and the rest of the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=harmattan&sr=4 )〕 A third of its titles are in literature, a tenth in history, and 5% each in philosophy, current affairs, education, politics, sociology, and fine arts. Slightly fewer are published in economics, psychology, ethnology, languages, etc., but even these categories have hundreds of titles, for example 500 in languages,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.editions-harmattan.fr/index.asp?navig=harmattan&sr=2 )〕 and more languages taught than almost any other publisher.〔List of Language Self-Study Programs〕 L'Harmattan controls costs by requiring authors to prepare electronic manuscripts in final format, not paying royalties on the first few hundred copies, and having short print runs of only a few hundred for its most specialized books.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.liberation.fr/livres/1997/03/06/autant-en-rapporte-l-harmattan_200699 )〕 It has sales of 8.5 million euros per year, of which 2 million are exported.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.societe.com/bilan/librairie-editions-l-harmattan/311023121201206301.html )〕 Thus it has lower sales but more titles than for example Gallimard, which has 135 million euros in sales.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.societe.com/bilan/editions-gallimard-la-nouvelle-revue-francaise-editions-de-la-nouvelle-revue-francaise/572206753201012311.html )〕 and 1,400 titles,〔Éditions Gallimard〕 The differences reflect the low print runs of L'Harmattan's more specialized books. ==The collections== * "Questions contemporaines" dirigée par Bruno Péquignot * "Afrique au cœur des lettres" dirigée par Jean-Pierre Orban * "Questions alimentaires et gastronomiques" dirigée par Kilien Stengel * "Éducateurs et Préventions" dirigée par Pascal Le Rest * "Univers musical" dirigée par Anne-Marie Green * "Questions autochtones" dirigée par Simone Dreyfus-Gamelon, Patrick Kulesza et Joëlle Chassin * "Questions sociologiques" dirigée par François Hainard et Franz Schultheis ... 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「L'Harmattan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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