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M-Base
The term "M-Base" is used in several ways. In the 1980s, a loose collective of young African-American musicians including Steve Coleman, Graham Haynes, Cassandra Wilson, Geri Allen, Robin Eubanks, and Greg Osby emerged in Brooklyn with a new sound and specific ideas about creative expression. Using a term coined by Steve Coleman, they called these ideas "M-Base-concept" (short for "macro-basic array of structured extemporization") and critics have used this term to categorize this scene’s music as a jazz style.〔"…the word () had spread. But it spread in association with the music, and so it became for them a musical style." (Steve Coleman, interviewed by Julian Joseph for BBC Radio 3 Jazz Legends, 2001)〕 But Coleman stressed "M-Base" doesn’t denote a musical style but a way of thinking about creating music.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Steve Coleman )〕 As famous musicians did in the past,〔For example, Duke Ellington said, "jazz is only a word and has no meaning." (quoted in: Nat Hentoff: This Cat Needs No Pulitzer Prize, in: Mark Tucker: The Duke Ellington Reader, New York 1993, p. 362-368〕 he also refuses the word "jazz" as a label for his music and the music tradition represented by musicians like John Coltrane, Charlie Parker, Louis Armstrong, etc. However, the musicians of the M-Base movement, which also included dancers and poets, strived for common creative musical languages, so their early recordings show a lot of similarities reflecting their common ideas, the experiences of working together, and their similar cultural background. To label this kind of music, jazz critics have established the word "M-Base" as a jazz style for lack of a better term, distorting its original meaning.〔e.g. The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, London/New York 2001, p. 739〕
==Music associated with the term "M-Base"==
In the year 1991 a significant number of M-Base participants labelled as "M-Base Collective" recorded the CD "Anatomy of a Groove." Most of them previously contributed to CDs by alto-saxophonist Steve Coleman whose creativity has been a pivotal factor in that movement,〔Coleman has been called "the leader" for example in The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz, London/New York 2001, p. 739〕 although he refused to be called its leader or founder. Coleman and his friend Greg Osby, who plays alto saxophone in a related style, together led the group “Strata Institute” which recorded two CDs (the second with tenor saxophonist Von Freeman as a further leader). Under the name of Osby, a number of CDs with a specific character have been released starting in 1987 which also coined the perception of "M-Base" jazz. Tenor saxophonist and flutist Gary Thomas admittedly didn’t take part in the M-Base initiative, but joined them, and there were similarities in his way of playing. He can be heard on recordings of Coleman und Osby and his own CDs are also labelled as "M-Base-style." All three saxophonists contributed to the CD "Jump World" by singer Cassandra Wilson.
Pianist Andrew Hill said about Greg Osby: "He has an incredible sense of rhythm and harmonic accuracy, and picks the right notes with a precision that isn’t common to people with his technical versatility. He’s developed into a fully rounded artist who can play various styles extremely well – better than most."〔Quoted in liner-notes of CD "The Invisible Hand" by Greg Osby〕 Greg Osby said about Gary Thomas: "He's extremely intelligent and has a capacity for absorption that exceeds that of most people that I know () He has his own compositional and improvisational method that is peerless in my opinion. He's my favourite tenor saxophone player on the contemporary scene."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Interviewed by Fred Jung, April 11, 2000 )〕 Clarinettist and composer Don Byron called Steve Coleman "an exceptional personality of American music history."〔Christian Broecking, Der Marsalis-Faktor, 1995, p. 120〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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