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M-source, which is sometimes referred to as M document, or simply M, comes from the M in "Matthean material". It is a hypothetical textual source for the Gospel of Matthew. ''M-source'' is defined as that ''special material'' of the Gospel of Matthew that is neither Q source nor Mark. == History == (詳細はMarcan priority speculated that the authors of Matthew and Luke drew the material they have in common with the Gospel of Mark from that Gospel. Matthew and Luke, however, also share large sections of text which are not found in Mark. They suggested that neither Gospel drew upon the other, but upon a ''second'' common source, termed the Q.〔D. R. W. Wood, ''New Bible Dictionary'', Inter Varsity Press, 1996 p. 739.〕 This two-source hypothesis, speculates that Matthew borrowed from both Mark and a hypothetical sayings collection, called Q. For most scholars, the Q collection accounts for what Matthew and Luke share — sometimes in exactly the same words — but are not found in Mark. Examples of such material are the Devil's three temptations of Jesus, the Beatitudes, the Lord's Prayer and many individual sayings.〔Bart Erhman, ''Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium'', Oxford University Press, p.80-81〕 In ''The Four Gospels: A Study of Origins'' (1924), Burnett Hillman Streeter argued that a third source, referred to as ''M'' and also hypothetical, lies behind the material in Matthew that has no parallel in Mark or Luke.〔Streeter, Burnett H. ''(The Four Gospels. A Study of Origins Treating the Manuscript Tradition, Sources, Authorship, & Dates )''. London: Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1924.〕 This Four Source Hypothesis posits that there were at least four sources to the ''Gospel of Matthew'' and the ''Gospel of Luke'': the ''Gospel of Mark'', and three lost sources: Q, M, and L. (M material is represented by green in the above chart.) Throughout the remainder of the 20th century, there were various challenges and refinements of Streeter's hypothesis. For example, in his 1953 book ''The Gospel Before Mark'', Pierson Parker posited an early version of Matthew (Aram. M or proto-Matthew) as the primary source.〔Pierson Parker. ''The Gospel Before Mark''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953.〕 Parker argued that it was not possible to separate Streeter's ''"M"'' material from the material in Matthew parallel to Mark.〔William R. Farmer, ''The Synoptic Problem: a Critical Analysis'', Macmillan, 1981 p. 196〕〔(Everett Falconer Harrison, ''Introduction to the New Testament'', Wm. Eerdmans 1971 ) p. 152. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「M-Source」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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