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M-expression : ウィキペディア英語版
M-expression

In computer programming, M-expressions (or meta-expressions) were intended to be the expressions used to write functions in the Lisp programming language. Data to be manipulated using M-expressions was to be written using S-expressions. M-expressions were used for the original theoretical language in early papers about Lisp, but the first working implementation of Lisp interpreted encodings of M-expressions as S-expressions, and M-expressions were never actually implemented.
== Historical relation to S-expressions ==
An S-expression represents data made up of ''atoms'' and ''pairs''. As originally described, an atom was a symbol written in upper case, and a pair was delimited by parentheses. Shorthand list notation was described, though it originally separated list elements by commas rather than whitespace. For example (using spaces rather than commas):
((A B) (C D) (E F))
which represents a list of three elements, each of which is a list of two symbols.
An M-expression could also use operator names, meta-variables, and argument lists. Operator names and meta-variable names were in lower case, to show that they were not symbols (i.e., not data). Argument lists were delimited by brackets, (CAR X)
car[append[(A B C); (D E F)]] (CAR (APPEND (QUOTE (A B C)) (QUOTE (D E F))))
The initial implementation of Lisp was expected to be a very long process, as compilers at the time were expected to take years to write. Implementation began with hand-compiling particular functions while the M-expression sublanguage was still tentative. However, Stephen B. Russell and Daniel J. Edwards realized that an implementation of eval would be in effect a full implementation of S-expression-encoded Lisp as an interpreter.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=LISP 1.5 Programmer's Manual )〕 He hand-compiled function eval — a very easy task, compared to the anticipated huge many-year compiler construction — and a community of S-expression Lisp programmers quickly developed. M-expressions fell into neglect, and were never implemented.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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