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MARPOL 73/78 is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978. ("MARPOL" is short for marine pollution and 73/78 short for the years 1973 and 1978.) MARPOL 73/78 is one of the most important international marine environmental conventions. It was developed by the International Maritime Organization in an effort to minimize pollution of the oceans and seas, including dumping, oil and air pollution. The objective of this convention is to preserve the marine environment in an attempt to completely eliminate pollution by oil and other harmful substances and to minimize accidental spillage of such substances. The original MARPOL was signed on 17 February 1973, but did not come into force at the signing date. The current convention is a combination of 1973 Convention and the 1978 Protocol. It entered into force on 2 October 1983. As of 2015, 152 states, representing 99.2 per cent of the world's shipping tonnage, are state parties to the convention.〔http://www.imo.org/About/Conventions/StatusOfConventions/Documents/status-x.xls〕 All ships flagged under countries that are signatories to MARPOL are subject to its requirements, regardless of where they sail and member nations are responsible for vessels registered under their respective nationalities.〔Copeland, Claudia. ("Cruise Ship Pollution: Background, Laws and Regulations, and Key Issues" ) (Order Code RL32450). Congressional Research Service (Updated 6 February 2008). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''〕 ==Annexes== MARPOL is divided into Annexes, each of which deals with the regulation of a particular group of ship emissions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「MARPOL 73/78」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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