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8"/55 caliber Mark 71 gun
The U.S. Navy's Major Caliber Lightweight Gun (MCLWG) program was the 8"/55 caliber Mark 71 major caliber lightweight, single-barrel naval gun prototype (spoken "eight-inch-fifty-five-caliber") that was mounted aboard the in 1975 to test the capability of destroyer-sized ships to replace decommissioned cruisers for long-range shore bombardment.〔Effron, Herbert M., CDR USN "8"/55 Major Caliber Lightweight Gun: Big Punch for Small Ships" ''United States Naval Institute Proceedings'' December 1975 pp.91–93〕 United States naval gun terminology indicates the gun fired a projectile in diameter, and the barrel was 55 calibers long (barrel length is 8" × 55 = 440" or 11.165 meters.)〔Fairfield, A.P. ''Naval Ordnance'' Lord Baltimore Press (1921) p.156〕
==Origin==
Gunfire support from cruisers and battleships had become an established part of United States amphibious warfare doctrine during World War II. As the last of the wartime cruisers and battleships were decommissioned, the 5"/54 caliber gun became the largest available for such assignments. The 5"/54 could fire a 70-pound (32-kg) projectile approximately 15 miles (24 km) in comparison to a range of 17 miles (27 km) for 260 pound (118 kg) projectiles from the 8"/55 caliber guns of heavy cruisers.〔Campbell, John ''Naval Weapons of World War Two'' Naval Institute Press (1985) ISBN 0-87021-459-4 pp.131&143〕
The impending loss of capability was anticipated by the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) in 1969. CNO established a requirement for a new gun capable of firing semi-active laser guided projectiles (SAL GP). Development took place through 1971 and 1972 at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division.〔Miller, John C., Col USMC & Peterson, H.W., Major USMC "Guns vs. Butter - Without the Guns?" ''United States Naval Institute Proceedings'' January 1982 pp.33–34〕
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