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Medical evacuation, often shortened to medevac or medivac,〔 is the timely and efficient movement and en route care provided by medical personnel to wounded being evacuated from a battlefield, to injured patients being evacuated from the scene of an accident to receiving medical facilities, or to patients at a rural hospital requiring urgent care at a better-equipped facility using medically equipped ground vehicles (ambulances) or aircraft (air ambulances).〔 Examples include civilian EMS vehicles, civilian aeromedical helicopter services, and Army air ambulances. This term also covers the transfer of patients from the battlefield to a treatment facility or from one treatment facility to another by medical personnel, such as from a local hospital to a trauma center. ==History== In November 1915 the Serbian Air Force, made the first transport of wounded soldiers from Serbia through Albania to Corfu in the first medevac operation in air history.〔http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/Dru%C5%A1tvo/1516279/Veliki+rat+-+avijacija.html〕 The United States Army used this lifesaving technique in Burma toward the end of World War II, using Sikorsky R-4B helicopters. The first helicopter rescue was by 2nd Lt Carter Harman, in Japanese-held Burma, who had to make several hops to get his Sikorsky YR-4B to the 1st Air Commando Group's secret airfield in enemy territory, then made four trips from there between April 25 and 26 in order to recover the American pilot and four injured British soldiers, one at a time.〔Fries, Patrick. ''When I Have Your Wounded: The Dustoff Legacy (DVD)'', Arrowhead Films, 2013.〕 The first medivac under fire was done in Manila in 1945 when five pilots evacuated 75-80 soldiers one or two at a time.〔Conner, Roger. ''Medevac From Luzon'', Air & Space Magazine, July 2010.〕 File:US Navy 030331-M-6910K-021 U.S. Navy Corpsmen transport wounded from an Army Medical Evacuation H-60 Black Hawk helicopter.jpg|During the Invasion of Iraq in March 2003, U.S. Navy corpsmen transport injured casualties from a helicopter to a nearby ambulance. File:Agusta A109K2 Slovensko (25).jpg|AW109 Helicopter evacuates patient from Tatra mountains in Slovakia File:Airbus A310 MRT MedEvac.jpg| Airbus A310 MRTT MedEvac - Flying Hospital, ''German Air Force'' File:SikorskyS-76AC-GIMM.JPG| Sikorsky S-76 civil medevac helicopter on standby at Ottawa International Airport File:82nd-6.JPG| U.S. Military MEDEVAC unit 126th Med (Air Ambulance) in Kandahar, Afghanistan, 2003. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Medical evacuation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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