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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク METATOY ： ウィキペディア英語版 METATOY A METATOY is a sheet, formed by a two-dimensional array of small, telescopic optical components, that switches the path of transmitted light rays. METATOY is an acronym for "metamaterial for rays", representing a number of analogies with metamaterials; METATOYs even satisfy a few definitions of metamaterials, but are certainly not metamaterials in the usual sense. When seen from a distance, the view through each individual telescopic optical component acts as one pixel of the view through the METATOY as a whole. In the simplest case, the individual optical components are all identical; the METATOY then behaves like a homogeneous, but pixellated, window that can have very unusual optical properties (see the picture of the view through a METATOY). METATOYs are usually treated within the framework of geometrical optics; the light-ray-direction change performed by a METATOY is described by a mapping of the direction of any incoming light ray onto the corresponding direction of the outgoing ray. The light-ray-direction mappings can be very general. METATOYs can even create pixellated light-ray fields that could not exist in non-pixellated form due to a condition imposed by wave optics. Much of the work on METATOYs is currently theoretical, backed up by computer simulations. A small number of experiments have been performed to date; more experimental work is ongoing. ==Examples of METATOYs== Telescopic optical components that have been used as the unit cell of two-dimensional arrays, and which therefore form homogeneous METATOYs, include *a pair of identical lenses (focal length $f$) that share the same optical axis (perpendicular to the METATOY) and that are separated by $2\; f$, that is they share one focal plane (a special case of a refracting telescope with angular magnification -1); *a pair of non-identical lenses (focal lengths $f\_1$ and $f\_2$) that share the same optical axis (again perpendicular to the METATOY) and that are separated by $f\_1\; +\; f\_2$, that is they again share one focal plane (a generalization of the former case, a refracting telescope with any angular magnification); *a pair of non-identical lenses (focal lengths $f\_1$ and $f\_2$) that share one focal plane, that is, they share the direction of the optical axis, which is not necessarily perpendicular to the METATOY, and they are separated by $f\_1\; +\; f\_2$ (a generalization of the former case); *a prism; *a Dove prism (see pictures). Examples of inhomogeneous METATOYs include *the moiré magnifier, which is based on deliberately "mis-aligned" pairs of confocal microlens arrays; *Fresnel lenses, which can be seen as non-homogeneous METATOYs made from prisms; *frosted glass, which can be seen as an extreme case of an inhomogeneous, random METATOY made from prisms. Note that examples of METATOYs as defined above have existed long before analogies with metamaterials were noted and it was recognized that METATOYs can perform wave-optically forbidden ray-direction mappings (in pixellated form).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「METATOY」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.