|
The Hungarian Socialist Party ((ハンガリー語:Magyar Szocialista Párt)), known mostly by its acronym MSZP, is a social-democratic political party in Hungary. It was founded on 7 October 1989 by the reform wing of the ruling communist Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party. As a result of the 1994 parliamentary election, MSZP won absolute majority, entered a coalition with the liberal Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ) thus the post-communist party was released from political quarantine. MSZP was one of the two major parties in Hungarian politics until 2010, however the party lost much of its popular support as a result of 2006 protests and 2008 economic crisis. Still MSZP is the strongest opposition party in the parliament since 2010, when its long-time right-wing rival Fidesz won two-thirds majority. ==History== It is the partial successor of the communist Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (or MSZMP), which ruled Hungary between 1956 and 1989. The decision to declare the party a successor of the MSZMP was controversial, and still carries repercussions for both the MSZP and Hungary. Another source of controversy is that some members of the former communist elite maintained political influence in the MSZP, a factor which is still true today. Indeed, many key MSZP politicians were active members or held leadership positions within the MSZMP. The party is not to be confused with the Workers' Party, a marginal party of hardline communists and another successor to the MSZMP. On economic issues, the Socialists have often been greater advocates of liberal, free market policies than the conservative opposition, which has tended to favor more state interventionism in the economy through economic and price regulations, as well as through state ownership of key economic enterprises. The MSZP, in contrast, implemented a strong package of market reforms, austerity and privatization in 1995-96, called the Bokros package, when Hungary faced an economic and financial crisis. According to researchers, the elites of the Hungarian 'left' (MSZP and SZDSZ) have been differentiated from the 'right' by being more supportive of the classical neo-liberal economic policies, while the 'right' (especially extreme right) has advocated more interventionist policies. In contrast, issues like church and state and former communists show alignment along the traditional left-right spectrum.〔Bodan Todosijević ''The Hungarian Voter: Left–Right Dimension as a Clue to Policy Preferences'' in International Political Science Review (2004), Vol 25, No. 4, p. 421〕 It is also noteworthy, that according to research, the MSZP elite's positions used to be closer to voters of the SZDSZ than to their own.〔Bodan Todosijević ''The Hungarian Voter: Left–Right Dimension as a Clue to Policy Preferences'' in International Political Science Review (2004), Vol 25, No. 4, p. 424〕 Besides a more liberal approach to the economy overall, the MSZP differentiated itself from the conservative opposition through its more recent focus on transforming state social policy from a collection of measures that benefit the entire population, such as subsidies available to all citizens, to one based on financial and social need. Besides Gyula Horn, the MSZP's most internationally recognized politicians were Ferenc Gyurcsány and László Kovács, a former member of the European Commission responsible for taxation. At the 2006 elections, MSZP won with 43.2% of party list votes, which gave it 190 representatives out of 386 in the Parliament. The MSZP was therefore able to retain its coalition government from the previous term. In earlier elections, the MSZP polled 10.89% (1990), 32.98% (1994), 32.92% (1998) and 42.05% (2002). After the successful fees abolishment referendum, MSZP formed the first minority government of Hungary, following the SZDSZ's backing out of the coalition with a deadline of May 1, 2008. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hungarian Socialist Party」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|