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Machico ((:mɐˈʃiku)) is a city and municipality in the southeast part of the island of Madeira, in the Autonomous Region of Madeira. The easternmost municipality on the island, it is also the third most populous area; its population was 21,828 (in 2011).〔(Instituto Nacional de Estatística )〕 The town, proper, had a population of 10,894 in 2001.〔(UMA POPULAÇÃO QUE SE URBANIZA, Uma avaliação recente – Cidades, 2004 ) Nuno Pires Soares, Instituto Geográfico Português (Geographic Institute of Portugal)〕 ==History== In calm waters of early after, on 1 July 1419, João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira disembarked on the beach of Machico, beginning the era of Portuguese discoveries. On the beach a Mass of thanksgiving was celebrated by Franciscan priests on the feast of the Visitation (2 June), an image of which accompanied the expedition.〔 Many hypotheses have developed as to the origin of the name of the municipality. The most remembered, and not the least disputed, comes from the romanticized legend of the English lovers Robert Machim and Ana d´Arfet. As the legend explains, the two lovers escaped from England (where their love was forbidden and condemned by the Church), suffered the tragedy of a shipwreck and died on the island that became Madeira, where later the first Portuguese explorers encountered two crosses to which they attributed to the lovers: the name appears to be a corruption of the surname ''Machim''.〔 On 8 May 1440, the Infante Henry the Navigator awarded Tristão Vaz and his descendants the Captaincy of Machico (which included the Ponta da Oliveira, in Caniço, to the Ponta do São Lourenço and from there to the Ponta do Tristão, in Porto Moniz), and by right the first Captaincy in the archipelago of Madeira.〔 The first settlers eked out a meagre subsistence, as a Franciscan monk noted: Still in the 15th century, taking advantage of the abundant water and excellent climate, the first colonists began to cultivate sugar cane, and the first machinery used to process the pulp appeared immediately, facilitating the export to Europe.〔 Although the Captaincy did not have the best lands to cultivate the plant (by 1494 one-fifth of regional production), the village that developed at Machico's beachhead was the centre of the processing of this spice. As the monk Jerónimo Dias Leite indicated: ''"...the first sugar sold on this island of Madeira was in the town of Machico where there began a make and collect three arrobas (to 96 pounds ) to sell, each arroba (pounds ) sold for five cruzeiros (coinage of Portugal )..."''.〔 Machico grew to this lucrative commerce, while Machiquenses families become socially powerful and wealthy from the trade, including the families of the Captains-Donatários (Tristão Vaz's descendants).〔 It was the Teixeira family that erected the first Matriz Church in Machico at the end of the 15th century, in honour of ''Nossa Senhora da Conceição'' (''Our Lady of Conception''). During the second half of the 15th century, along with Funchal, Machico was elevated to ''town'' (1451)〔The elevation of Machico to municipal seat was reconfirmed by King Manuel I of Portugal in 1515.〕 and continued to grow, following the course of the ravine into the valley.〔 Two poles developed: the right margin, that included the main barrio and the town's public institutions (municipal chamber, customshouse and church), and the left margin, that included nucleus of Banda d'Além, the Misericórdia (social centre) and Chapel of Christ, now known as the Chapel of ''Nosso Senhor dos Milagres'' (''Our Lord of Miracles'').〔 In 1803, a landslide was responsible for the destruction of various homes, destroying hedges and walls, the main bridge along the ravine and the Chapel of ''Nosso Senhor dos Milagres''. Machico also became a front-line during the ''Revolta da Madeira'' (''Madeira Revolt'') in April 1931. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Machico」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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