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Macroom
Macroom (; Irish: ''Maigh Chromtha'') is a market town and civil parish in the barony of Muskerry West, County Cork, Ireland. It is situated in a valley of the River Sullane, about halfway between Cork city and Killarney. The name in Irish Gaelic may mean "meeting place of followers of the god Crom" or "crooked oak",〔It is one of many Irish place names derived from the name of the God Crom. (How & Parsons, 393)〕 the latter a reference to a large oak tree that grew in the town-square during the reign of King John.〔Lewis, Samuel. "(Macroom, County Cork in Lewis Topographical Dictionary of Ireland 1837 )". Retrieved 2 January 2011. (Google Books )〕 The town grew around the building of the castle by the Carew family around the same time.
The area was at one time a meeting place for the Druids of Munster, and is first mentioned in 6th century records. It was the site of a major battle c 1014 involving Brian Boru. In the following centuries Macroom was invaded by a succession of warring clans, including the Murcheatach Uí Briain and Richard de Cogan families; they built a series of tower houses around the area, many of which survive. In the 17th century the MacCarthy family won control and led Macroom towards prosperity through milling, markets and fairs. This fortune was short lived and followed by the Williamite wars of the 1690s when authority over the town castle waxed and waned between the Irish MacCarthy's and a number of ambitious English families. Later Macroom became a centre point of conflict in the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.
The population was decimated in the 1840s by famine and emigration, the former evidenced by the remains of a workhouse, now the district hospital, and a mass graveyard to the west, near Clondrohid. During the 19th century a number of Anglo-Irish families settled in the area but many of their estate houses were burned out by rebels during and after the Irish War of Independence as the town was caught up in a turmoil of IRA activity. Eventually the Anglo-Irish families fled, leaving behind tracts of land that were, in the end, distributed among the wealthier of their former tenants.
Traditionally Macroom is known as "the town that never reared a fool."〔O'hAodha, Michael. ''(Theatre in Ireland )'', page 72 (Rowman and Littlefield, 1974). Retrieved 2 May 2011.〕〔O’Connell, Brian. "(Anglers, hikers and history buffs find much to celebrate in Ireland's County Cork )", ''New York Daily News'' (14 March 2010). Retrieved 2 May 2011.〕 The broader urban area recorded a population of 3,553 in the 2006 national census. In 1977 it hosted the Mountain Dew festival, with Rory Gallagher, Thin Lizzy and Van Morrison as the main attractions. The post-Sex Pistols John Lyndon was in attendance.
==History==
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