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''Madhushala'' ((ヒンディー語:मधुशाला)) (The Tavern/The House of Wine), is a book of 135"quatrains": verses of four lines (Ruba'i) by Hindi poet and writer Harivansh Rai Bachchan (1907–2003). The highly metaphorical work is still celebrated for its deeply Sufi incantations and philosophical undertones〔(Madhushala (The Tavern) ) www.cs.rice.edu.〕 and is an important work in the Chhayavaad (Neo-romanticism) literary movement of early 20th century Hindi literature. All the ''rubaaiaa'' (the plural for ''rubaai'') end in the word ''madhushala''. The poet tries to explain the complexity of life with his four instruments, which appear in almost every verse: ''madhu'', ''madira'' or ''haala'' (wine), ''saaki'' (server), ''pyaala'' (cup or glass) and of course ''madhushala'', ''madiralaya'' (pub/bar). The publication of the work in 1935 brought Harivanshrai Bachchan instant fame, and his own recitation of the poems became a "craze" at poetry symposiums. However, it also met some initial criticism for its apparent praise of alcohol. However, as Bachchan noted in his autobiography, after listening to the poems Mahatma Gandhi stated that these criticisms were unwarranted. ''Madhushala'' was part of his trilogy inspired by Omar Khayyam's ''Rubaiyat'', which he had earlier translated into Hindi. The other titles in the trilogy were ''Madhubala (मधुबाला)'' (1936) and ''Madhukalash (मधुकलश)'' (1937).〔 ==Madhushala in Media== A recording of selected Rubaai from Madhushala was released by HMV, where twenty stanzas were chosen and sung by Manna Dey, while the first one was sung by Bachchan himself. The music was composed by Jaidev.〔(Madhushala Audio )〕 His son, actor Amitabh Bachchan, has read the verses on several occasions, most notably at Lincoln Center, New York City. The text has also been choreographed for stage performances. धर्मग्रन्थ सब जला चुकी है, जिसके अंतर की ज्वाला, मंदिर, मसजिद, गिरिजे, सब को तोड़ चुका जो मतवाला, पंडित, मोमिन, पादिरयों के फंदों को जो काट चुका, कर सकती है आज उसी का स्वागत मेरी मधुशाला 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Madhushala」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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