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Madhva Acharya ((:məd̪ʱʋɑːˈtʃɑːrjə); born Vasudeva 1238–1317 CE), also known as Purna Prajña and Ananda Tīrtha, was a Hindu philosopher and the chief proponent of the Dvaita school of Vedanta. Madhva himself called his philosophy as "Tattvavada" meaning realism.It is one of the three most influential Vedānta philosophies. Madhvācārya was one of the important philosophers during the Bhakti movement. He was a pioneer in many ways, going against standard conventions and norms. While in his teenage years he was initiated as a Sanyasin by Acyutapreksha, an ascetic of the Ekadandi order. Later he toured India several times engaging in philosophical debates and winning converts to his school of thought. Madhva composed thirty seven works in Sanskrit. His greatest work is considered to be the Anu-vyakhyana, a critical exposition of the philosophy of the Brahma Sutras.〔 Madhva established the Krishna temple at Udupi and entrusted the worship at the temple to eight ascetic disciples each of whom were first heads of the eight monasteries called Ashta Mathas of Udupi〔 According to tradition, Madhvācārya is believed to be the third incarnation of Vāyu (''Mukhyaprāna'') after Hanuman and Bhīma and is believed to have disappeared from vision when he was seventy nine years of age.〔 ==Birth== Madhvācārya (or Madhva) was born on the day of Vijayadashami in Pajaka near Udupi, a town in the south-west India which lies in the modern State of Karnataka. Nārāyana Panditācārya later wrote Madhvācārya's biography known as Madhvavijaya. Traditionally it is believed that Nadillaya (Tulu word for middle house) Bhatta as name of the father and Vedavati as Madhvācārya's mother. Narayana Panditacharya also belongs to same era, making Madhva Vijaya a contemporaneous biography .Madhva's parents named him Vāsudeva at birth. Later he became famous by the names Pūrna-prajña, Ānanda-tīrtha and Madhvācārya Before the birth of Madhva, when his parents had gone for a purchase in the market, a disabled person climbed a ''dhvaja stambha'' (flag-post in front of a temple) and announced: "Bhagavān (Lord) Vāyu deva is going to take birth for the revival of Vedic ''dharma'' in Pājaka kṣetra to a couple." The prediction made by the disabled person was discussed by the parents of Madhva till they reached home. Even as a child, at the age of 3, his father initiated his educational lessons. One day the lesson of practicing the letters of the alphabet was over and next day it was repeated. Vasudeva asked his father: "Why are you repeating the same thing that Was taught yesterday?Teach me something new." The father felt both surprised and happy. What a talented child we have he wondered. He was struck by this child's grasping power. He was concerned that the child may be affected by somebody's evil eye. His mother would wave before him some pepper and other things (to ward off evil) and pray for his welfare. The father continued to teach the child at home. Before long, Vasudeva was able to read all the books and would try to understand them. It was a pleasure to hear his readings from the texts. He had a fine voice and purity of expression. When Vasudeva was five, his mother took him on a visit to a nearby place called Neyampalli. It was evening and the puranik (raconteur adept at delivering religious discourses) discourse was in progress. People were listening with keen interest to the discourse by Madithaya Shivabhatta, a well-known puranik. At one stage, Vasudeva, sitting beside his mother, got up and said: "Respected puranik, the meaning in the purana text says one thing and you are saying another." Shivabhatta became annoyed at the boy's insolence. But Vasudeva narrated the meaning of the concerned verse in a lucid manner. People were pleased and agreed with him. On another occasion, Nadillaya himself was corrected by his son. He was also a well-known ‘puranik'. Once, during a discourse, he could not remember the meaning of a word instantly. He avoided that word and continued. Vasudeva stood up and said "Father, you have named all the tree, but did not mention ‘likucha' and its meaning. It means ‘hebbalasu(in Kannada)' doesn't it?" Nadillaya did not feel insulted. He felt happy that he had learnt the meaning of the word from his son. He felt proud to be the father of such an intelligent boy. When Vasudeva was seven, his father performed his Upanayana (sacred thread-wearing ceremony) according to the custom and then on to a guru for studying Vedas and classics as a disciple of Totantillaya, a respected Vedic scholar of that period. Totantillaya felt the boy's manner a bit strange. The boy would appear only at the time of the lessons and would spend the rest of the time in the playfield. In the field, Vasudeva, with his strong physique beyond his age, would be surrounded by his playmates. Each day it was a different game. One day it was running, Vasudeva would came first. Another time it is swimming and he would be the first to reach the goal. It was wrestling the other day and though the entire band of his playmates attacked him, he would humble them with terrific blows. His mates were astonished at the prowess of Vasudeva whom they considered ‘Hanuman in swimming and Bhimasena in weightlifting'. Guru Totantillaya would not approve the boy's behavior. He felt he was not studying properly and once called him: "Oh, you are a master of knowledge! You learn things without reading. Let us see, recite the 'Suktas' (hymns) you have been taught so far." Vasudeva sat cross-legged and recited in a ringing, clear voice all the hymns in the correct pattern and without a single mistake. The Guru gave up testing him. Vasudeva's studies and sports both continued. Vāsudeva exhibited precocious talent for grasping all things spiritual. As an incarnation of Mukhyaprana this was not new for him. He was drawn to the path of renunciation and even as a boy of eleven years, he chose initiation into the monastic order from Acyuta-Prajña (also called Acyuta Preksha), a reputed ascetic of the time, near Udupi, in the year Saumya. The preceptor Acyuta Prajna gave the boy Vāsudeva the name of ''Pūrna Prajña'' at the time of his initiation into ''sannyāsa'' (renounced order). A little over a month later, little Pūrnaprajña is said to have defeated a group of expert scholars of ''Tarka'' (logic) headed by Vasudeva-pandita. Overjoyed at his precocious talent, Acyuta Prajna consecrated him as the head of the empire of Vedānta and conferred upon him the title of ''Ānanda Tīrtha'' (saint of immaculate bliss). Thus Pūrna-prajña is Madhva's name given to him at the time of ''sannyāsa'' (renunciation). The name conferred on him at the time of consecration as the Master of Vedanta is "Ānanda Tīrtha". ''Madhva'', a name traceable to the Vedas (Balittha sūktam), was the ''nom de plume'' assumed by the Ācārya to author all his works. Madhvācārya showed that Vedas talk about him as "Madhva" and used that name for himself. However, he used Ānanda Tīrtha or Sukha Tīrtha also to author his works. Madhvācārya was the name by which he was to later be revered as the founder of ''Tattvavāda''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Madhvacharya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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