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Chennai (also known as Madras ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is the biggest industrial and commercial center in South India,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.chennaicorporation.gov.in/about-chennai-corporation/aboutCOC.htm )〕 and a major cultural, economic and educational centre. Chennai is known as the "Detroit of India" for its automobile industry.〔 It is the fifth-largest city and fourth-most populous metropolitan area〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Indian Local Bodies )〕 in the country and 36th-largest urban area〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UN Demographic Urban Areas )〕 in the world. The city is host to the third-largest expatriate population in India after Mumbai and Delhi, with 35,000 in 2009 and steadily climbing to 82,790, in 2011. Chennai is the only city in South Asia and India to figure in the "52 places to go around the world" by ''The New York Times''.〔("52 Places to Go" )〕 Tourism guide publisher Lonely Planet has named Chennai as one of the top ten cities in the world to visit in 2015.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/best-in-travel/cities/09-chennai )〕 Chennai is ranked as a beta-level city in the Global Cities Index 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = https://www.atkearney.com/research-studies/global-cities-index/2015/current-research-detail )〕 and was ranked the best city in India by ''India Today'' in the 2014 annual Indian city survey.〔(【引用サイトリンク】work= Classification of Cities )〕 Chennai has also been named in the "hottest" cities to live in for 2015 by BBC among global cities with a mixture of both modern and traditional values.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC - Travel - The best places to live this year )〕 National Geographic ranked Chennai as world's 2nd best food city and Chennai was the only Indian city to feature in the list.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Top 10 food cities )〕 Chennai was also named as the 9th best cosmopolitan city in the world by Lonely Planet. The Chennai Metropolitan Area as recently as January 2015 has been ranked the fourth-largest economy in India, and the third highest GDP per capita. ==Etymology== There are two different theories for the origin of the name ''Chennai''. The first theory is that it was derived from the name of Damal Chennappa Nayagar, father of Damarla Venkatapathy Nayak, a Nayak ruler who served as a general under Venkata III of the Vijayanagar Empire from whom the British acquired the town in 1639.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=District Profile, Chennai )〕 The first official use of the name ''Chennai'' is said to be in a sale deed, dated 8 August 1639, to Francis Day of the East India Company.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=District Profile – Chennai )〕 The second theory states that it was named after the Chenna Kesava Perumal Temple; the word ''Chenni'' in Tamil means ''face'', with the temple regarded as the face of the city. The name ''Madras'' originated even before the British presence was established in India. Madras was allegedly derived from ''Madraspattinam'', a fishing-village north of Fort St George. However, it is uncertain whether the name was in use before the arrival of European influence. The British military mapmakers believed Madras was originally ''Mundir-raj'' or ''Mundiraj''. ''Madras'' might have also been derived from the word ''Madhu-ras'' meaning "honey" in Sanskrit. In 1996, the Government of Tamil Nadu officially changed the name from ''Madras'' to ''Chennai''. At that time many Indian cities underwent a change of name.〔 However, the name ''Madras'' continues in occasional use for the city,〔Kalpana (2003) ''Madras: The Architectural Heritage'' Muthiah (2004), ''Madras Rediscovered'' Ali (2005), ''Madras on Rainy Days'' Ashok & Balasubramanian (2005) ''Chennai latté: a Madras brew'' Chandrasekhar, Government Museum (2006) ''The wild ferns of Madras city and its immediate neighbourhood'' Maracayyā (2008), ''Madras: Tracing the Growth of the City since 1639'' Barlow (2009) ''The Story of Madras'' Muthiah (2011) ''A Madras Miscellany: A Decade of People, Places & Potpourri'' 〕 as well as for places named after the city such as University of Madras, IIT, Madras and Madras Medical College. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chennai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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