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Magpies are birds of the Corvidae (crow) family, including the black and white Eurasian magpie, which is considered one of the most intelligent animals in the world, and the only non-mammal species able to recognize itself in a mirror test. In addition to other members of the genus ''Pica'', corvids considered as magpies are in the genera ''Cissa'', ''Cyanopica'' and ''Urocissa''. ==Systematics and species== According to some studies, magpies do not form the monophyletic group they are traditionally believed to be—a long tail has certainly elongated (or shortened) independently in multiple lineages of corvid birds.〔Ericson ''et al.'' (2005)〕 Among the traditional magpies, there appear to be two distinct lineages. One consists of Holarctic species with black/white colouration and is probably closely related to crows and Eurasian jays. The other contains several species from South to East Asia with vivid colouration which is predominantly green or blue. The azure-winged magpie and the Iberian magpie, formerly thought to constitute a single species with a most peculiar distribution, have been shown be two distinct species and classified as the genus ''Cyanopica''.〔Kyukov et al, (Synchronic east–west divergence in azure-winged magpies (''Cyanopica cyanus'') and magpies (''Pica pica''), Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 42(4): 342-351 (2004) )〕 Other research has cast doubt on the taxonomy of the ''Pica'' magpies, since it appears that ''P. hudsonia'' and ''P. nuttalli'' may not be different species, whereas the Korean race of ''P. pica'' is genetically very distinct from the other Eurasian (as well as the North American) forms. Either the North American, Korean, and remaining Eurasian forms are accepted as three or four separate species, or there exists only a single species, ''Pica pica''.〔Lee ''et al.'', 2003〕 Holarctic (black-and-white) magpies *Genus ''Pica'' * * Eurasian magpie, ''Pica pica'' * * Black-billed magpie, ''Pica hudsonia'' (may be conspecific with ''P. pica'') * * Yellow-billed magpie, ''Pica nuttalli'' (may be conspecific with ''P. (pica) hudsonia'') * * Korean magpie, ''Pica sericea'' (may be conspecific with ''P. pica'') Oriental (blue/green) magpies *Genus ''Urocissa'' * * Taiwan blue magpie ''Urocissa caerulea'' * * Red-billed blue magpie, ''Urocissa erythrorhyncha'' * * Yellow-billed blue magpie, ''Urocissa flavirostris'' * * White-winged magpie, ''Urocissa whiteheadi'' * * Sri Lanka blue magpie, ''Urocissa ornata'' *Genus ''Cissa'' * * Common green magpie, ''Cissa chinensis'' * * Indochinese green magpie, ''Cissa hypoleuca'' * * Javan green magpie, ''Cissa thalassina'' * * Bornean green magpie, ''Cissa jefferyi'' Azure-winged magpies *Genus ''Cyanopica'' * * Azure-winged magpie, ''Cyanopica cyanus'' * * Iberian magpie, ''Cyanopica cooki'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Magpie」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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