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Mājuli or Majoli (Pron: ˈmʌʤʊlɪ) ((アッサム語:মাজুলী))〔(''Official Website'' )〕 is a large river island in the Brahmaputra River, Assam, India. The island had a total area of , but having lost significantly to erosion it has an area of only in 2001. Majuli has shrunk as the river surrounding it has grown.〔(''A Capricious River, an Indian Island’s Lifeline, Now Eats Away at It'' ) April 14, 2013 New York Times〕 The island is formed by the Brahmaputra river in the south and the Kherkutia Xuti, an anabranch of the Brahmaputra, joined by the Subansiri River in the north. Mājuli island is accessible by ferries from the City of Jorhat. The island is about 200 kilometres east from the state's largest city —Guwahati. The island was formed due to course changes by the river Brahmaputra and its tributaries, mainly the Lohit. Mājuli is also the abode of the Assamese neo-Vaisnavite culture.〔(World Heritage Nominee ), ''India-north-east.com''〕 ==History== Originally, the island was a narrow and long piece of land called Majoli (land in the middle of two parallel rivers) that had Brahmaputra flowing in the north and the Burhidihing flowing in the south, till they met at Lakhu. Frequent earthquakes in the period 1661–1696 set the stage for a catastrophic flood in 1750 that continued for 15 days, which is mentioned in historical texts and reflected in folklore. As a result of this flood, the Brahmaputra split into two anabranches—one flowing along the original channel and the other flowing along the Burhidihing channel and the Mājuli island was formed. The Burhidihing's point of confluence moved 190 km east and the southern channel which was the Burhidihing became the Burhi Xuti. The northern channel, which was previously the Brahmaputra, became the Luit Xuti. In due course, the flow in the Luit Xuti decreased, and it came to be known as the Kherkutia Xuti; and the Burhi Xuti expanded via erosion to become the main Brahmaputra River. The locals speak in the Mising and Assamese language. Reference regarding the early existence of Majuli is found in ''Yogini Tranta'' that Sutiya king Ratnadhajpal founded his capital in Ratanpur, Majuli which was perhaps washed away by the Brahmaputra.〔 http://majulilandscape.gov.in/history.php〕 However, what is certain is Mājuli has been the cultural capital of Assamese civilisation since the 16th century; based on written records describing the visit of Srimanta Sankardeva — a 16th-century social reformer. Sankardeva, a pioneer of the medieval-age neo-vaishnavite movement, preached a monotheist form of Hinduism called as Vaishnavism and established monasteries and hermitages known as ''satra'' on the islet. The island soon became the leading center of Vaishavinism with the establishment of these ''satras''. After the arrival of the British, the island was under the rule of the British until India gained independence in 1947. It is one of world's biggest river islands. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Majuli」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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