|
Ancient Hawaii is the period of Hawaiian human history preceding the unification in 1810 of the Kingdom of Hawaii by Kamehameha the Great. Researchers had based their estimates of first settlement by Polynesian long-distance navigators sometime between 300 and 800 CE. But in 2010, a study was published based on radiocarbon dating of more reliable samples and it suggests that the islands were settled much later, within a short timeframe, in ∼1219–1266CE.〔 The islands in Eastern Polynesia have been characterized by the continuities among their cultures, and the short migration period would be an explanation of this result. Diversified agroforestry and aquaculture provided sustenance for Native Hawaiian cuisine. Tropical materials were adopted for housing. Elaborate temples (called heiau) were constructed from the lava rocks available. The rich natural resources supported a relatively dense population, organized by a ruling class and social system with religious leaders. Captain James Cook made the first known European contact with ancient Hawaiians in 1778. He was followed by many other Europeans and Americans. ==Polynesian Triangle== Hawaiian history is inextricably tied to the larger Polynesian culture. Hawaii is the Northern apex of the Polynesian Triangle, a vast region of the Pacific Ocean with three island groups at its corners: New Zealand to the southwest, the Hawaii islands to the north, and Rapa Nui (Easter Island) to the east. Migration is believed to have moved from west to east through this area. The many island cultures within the Polynesian Triangle share similar languages derived from a proto-Malayo-Polynesian language used in Southeast Asia 5,000 years ago. Polynesians also share cultural traditions, such as religion, social organization, myths, and material culture. Anthropologists believe that all Polynesians have descended from a South Pacific proto-culture created by an Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) people who had migrated from Southeast Asia. The seven other main Polynesian cultures are: * Māori (Aotearoa / New Zealand) * Tonga (Independent / Partially supported by defense cooperation agreements with Australia, United States, China, United Kingdom, India and New Zealand.) * Cook Islands (Self Government In Free Association With New Zealand) * Sāmoa (Independent Protectorate Of The United States) *American Samoa (Territory of The United States) * Tahiti (French Polynesia) * Marquesas (French Polynesia) * Rapa Nui (now known as Easter Island) (Territory of Chile) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ancient Hawaii」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|