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Malbolge is a public domain esoteric programming language invented by Ben Olmstead in 1998, named after the eighth circle of hell in Dante's ''Inferno'', the Malebolge. Malbolge was specifically designed to be almost impossible to use, via a counter-intuitive 'crazy operation', base-three arithmetic and self-altering code.〔 It builds on the difficulty of earlier, challenging esolangs (such as Brainfuck and Befunge), but takes this aspect to the extreme, playing on the entangled histories of computer science and encryption. Weaknesses in the design have been found that make it possible (though still very difficult) to write useful Malbolge programs. ==Programming in Malbolge== Malbolge was so difficult to understand when it arrived that it took two years for the first Malbolge program to appear. Indeed, the author himself has never written a single Malbolge program.〔 The first program was not written by a human being: it was generated by a beam search algorithm designed by Andrew Cooke and implemented in Lisp. Later, Lou Scheffer posted a cryptanalysis of Malbolge and provided a program to copy its input to its output.〔(Programming in Malbolge ). Lscheffer.com (2007-12-11). Retrieved on 2011-11-21.〕 He also saved the original interpreter and specification after the original site stopped functioning, and offered a general strategy of writing programs in Malbolge as well as some thoughts on its Turing-completeness. Olmstead believed Malbolge to be a linear bounded automaton. There is a discussion about whether one can implement sensible loops in Malbolge — it took many years before the first non-terminating one was introduced. A correct 99 Bottles of Beer program, which deals with non-trivial loops and conditions, was not announced for seven years; the first correct one was by Hisashi Iizawa in 2005. Hisashi Iizawa et al. also propose a guide for programming in Malbolge for the purpose of the application for obfuscation in software protection.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Malbolge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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