|
The Mallah (or Nishad)〔(Kumar Suresh Singh, Anthropological Survey of India )〕 are the traditional boatmen caste and ethnic group of North India, East India and Pakistan. A small number of Mallah are also found in Nepal.〔http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADM638.pdf〕 The word ''mallaah'' is said to come from an Arabic word which means a motion of moving like bird’s wing. In Bengali the words ''majhi'' and ''mallah'' usually go together and refer to communities affiliated with the river and sea. Those of India are largely Hindu, with a small Muslim minority, while those of Pakistan are Muslim. Phoolan Devi, the controversial dacoit and politician belonged to the Mallah community.〔''I, Phoolan Devi: The Autobiography of India's Bandit Queen by Phoolan Devi ISBN 9780751519648 ''〕 Nishad may refer to: *Nishada Kingdom *Mahendra Prasad Nishad *Vishambhar Prasad Nishad *Jai Narain Prasad Nishad (b. 1930), Indian politician *Kajal Nishad (b. 1982), Indian actress *Jamuna Nishad (1953-2010) == In North India == The community is found along the banks of the Yamuna and Ganges rivers of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Most Mallah groups trace their descent from the ancient Nishada tribe, mentioned in the ''Mahabharata''. They are related to the Kewat community, who form the bulk of the boatmen class of North India. Other Mallah sub-groups include the Bind, the Goriya, the Chai, Tiar and Dhimar tribes. All of these groups of Hindu Mallaah are endogamous. Among the Muslim Mallaah, the Chaudriya are largest sub-group, followed by the Jarya. The Muslim Mallaah are found mainly in western Uttar Pradesh.〔''Tribes and Castes of North Western Provinces and Oudh by William Crooke Volume III ''〕 Many Mallaah are now cultivators, with a few now have also taken to other occupations. In Uttar Pradesh, they speak Khari boli, Awadhi and Hindi.The majority of the community are Hindu, although there are a small number of Muslim Mallah.〔''People of India Delhi Volume XX edited by T Ghosh & S Nath pages 445 to 448 Manohar Publications''〕 In Bihar, they are both cultivators and boatmen. They claim descent from the Hindu god Nisadh. The community is also known as Mandalji or Machua. They speak the Angika dialect of Hindi. The community consist of three sub-castes, the Dhoar, Parbattikurin, and Semeri.〔People of India Bihar Volume XVI Part Two edited by S Gopal & Hetukar Jha pages 668 to 670 Seagull Books〕 In North India, the Mallaah have set up a caste association, the Akhil Bharitiya Nishad Sabha (the All India Nishad Association), which acts as a community welfare association. In most of the Indian states, they are listed as either an other backward class or a scheduled caste.〔http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLt5iq8E5sHcb9aZw5ZegRBySCH7TfTamcrBZvQJkfhn9Q57N54VaSrW〕〔http://dtf.in/wp-content/files/The_Constitution_Scheduled_Castes_Order_1950_-_State-Wise_Complete_List_of_Scheduled_Castes_As_on_3.3.2013.pdf〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mallaah」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|