|
The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about species, about 7.8% of the eudicots.〔Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). (Malpighiales ) At: (Angiosperm Phylogeny Website ) At: (Missouri Botanical Garden Website )〕 The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, ''Poinsettia'', and coca plant, and are hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is not part of any of the classification systems based only on plant morphology. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya. The Malpighiales are divided into 32 to 42 families, depending upon which clades in the order are given the taxonomic rank of family. In the APG III system, 35 families are recognized. Medusagynaceae, Quiinaceae, Peraceae, Malesherbiaceae, Turneraceae, Samydaceae, and Scyphostegiaceae are consolidated into other families. The largest family, by far, is the Euphorbiaceae, with about 6300 species in about 245 genera.〔Alan Radcliffe-Smith. 2001. ''Genera Euphorbiacearum''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Richmond, England.〕 In a 2009 study of DNA sequences of 13 genes, 42 families were placed into 16 groups, ranging in size from one to 10 families. Almost nothing is known about the relationships among these 16 groups.〔 Malpighiales and Lamiales are the two large orders whose phylogeny remains mostly unresolved. == Affinities == Malpighiales is a member of a supraordinal group called the COM clade, which consists of the orders Celastrales, Oxalidales, and Malpighiales. Some describe it as containing a fourth order, Huales, separating the family Huaceae into its own order, separate from Oxalidales.〔Alexander B. Doweld. 2001. ''Prosyllabus Tracheophytorum. Tentamen systematis plantarum vascularium (Tracheophyta)''. Geos: Moscow, Russia.〕 Some recent studies have placed Malpighiales as sister to Oxalidales ''sensu lato'' (including Huaceae),〔 while others have found a different topology for the COM clade.〔〔 The COM clade is part of an unranked group known as Fabidae or eurosids I. The fabids, in turn, are part of a group that has long been recognized, namely, the rosids. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Malpighiales」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|