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|ethnic_groups_year = 2011〔 |capital = Valletta |largest_city = Birkirkara |latd=35 |latm=53 |lats=42 |latNS=N |longd=14 |longm=30 |longs=36 |longEW=E |government_type = |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Marie Louise Coleiro Preca |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = Joseph Muscat |legislature = |area_rank = 207th |area_magnitude = 1_E8 |area_km2 = 316 |area_sq_mi = 122 |percent_water = 0.001 |population_estimate_year = 2014 |population_estimate = |population_estimate_rank = 171st |population_census = 416,055〔(Census 2011 ). National Statistics Office, Malta〕 |population_census_year = 2011 |population_density_km2 = 1410〔 |population_density_sq_mi = 4,077 |population_density_rank = 7th |GDP_PPP_year = 2014 |GDP_PPP = $14.129 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Malta )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $33,215〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2014 |GDP_nominal = $10.582 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $24,876〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = 2011 |Gini_change = |Gini = 27.4 |Gini_ref =〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12 )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.829 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 39th |sovereignty_type = Independence |established_event1 = from the United Kingdom |established_date1 = 21 September 1964 |established_event2 = Republic |established_date2 = 13 December 1974 |currency = Euro (€) |currency_code = EUR |country_code = MLT |time_zone = CET |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = CEST |utc_offset_DST = +2 |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy (AD) |drives_on = left |calling_code = +356 |religion = Roman Catholicism |patron_saints = Saint Paul, Saint Publius and Saint Agatha |percent_religion = 98 |national_bird = Blue rock thrush |national_plant = Maltese rock centaury |national_tree = Tetraclinis Articulata |national_poet = Dun Karm Psaila |cctld = .mt |website = www.gov.mt |footnote_a = Maltese nationals as referred to in the 2011 census.〔 |footnote_b = Maltese lira before 2008. |footnote_c = Also .eu, shared with other European Union member states. }} Malta (; ), officially the Republic of Malta (( マルタ語:Repubblika ta' Malta)), is a Southern European island country comprising an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. It lies south of Italy, east of Tunisia, and north of Libya. The country covers just over , with a population of just under 450,000 (despite an extensive emigration programme since the Second World War),〔 making it one of the world's smallest and most densely populated countries. The capital of Malta is Valletta, which at 0.8 km2, is the smallest national capital in the European Union.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://blog.mercury-direct.co.uk/post/144/top-10-things-to-see-and-do-in-malta )〕 Malta has two official languages: Maltese and English. Malta's location has historically given it great strategic importance as a naval base, and a succession of powers, including the Phoenicians, Romans, Moors, Normans, Sicilians, Spanish, Knights of St. John, French and British, have ruled the islands. Malta was awarded the George Cross by King George VI in 1942, for the country's bravery in the Second World War. The George Cross continues to appear on Malta's national flag. Under the Malta Independence Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1964, Malta gained independence from the United Kingdom as an independent sovereign Commonwealth realm, officially known from 1964 to 1974 as the State of Malta, with Elizabeth II as its head of state.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Christmas Broadcast 1967 )〕 The country became a republic in 1974, and although no longer a Commonwealth realm, remains a current member state of the Commonwealth of Nations. Malta was admitted to the United Nations in 1964 and to the European Union in 2004; in 2008, it became part of the Eurozone. Malta has a long Christian legacy and its Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Malta is claimed to be an Apostolic See because, according to the Acts of the Apostles,〔(; )〕 Paul the Apostle was shipwrecked on Malta. Catholicism is the official religion in Malta.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chapter 1 – The Republic of Malta )〕 Malta is a popular tourist destination with its warm climate, numerous recreational areas, and architectural and historical monuments, including three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hal Saflieni Hypogeum )〕 Valletta,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=City of Valletta )〕 and seven Megalithic Temples, which are some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Megalithic Temples of Malta )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Malta Temples and The OTS Foundation )〕〔 ==Etymology== The origin of the term ''Malta'' is uncertain, and the modern-day variation derives from the Maltese language. The most common etymology is that the word ''Malta'' derives from Greek word , ''meli'', "honey".〔.〕 The ancient Greeks called the island (''Melitē'') meaning "honey-sweet" (which was also, inter alia, the name of a Nereid〔(Μελίτη ), Georg Autenrieth, ''A Homeric Dictionary'', at the Perseus Project.〕), possibly due to Malta's unique production of honey; an endemic species of bee lives on the island, giving it the popular nickname the "land of honey". The Romans went on to call the island Melita,〔 which is a latinisation of the Greek . Another conjecture suggests that the word ''Malta'' comes from the Phoenician word ''Maleth'' meaning "a haven" in reference to Malta's many bays and coves. Few other etymological mentions appear in classical literature, with the term ''Malta'' appearing in its present form in the ''Maritime Itinerary'' (Itin. Marit. p. 518; Sil. Ital. xiv. 251). ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Malta」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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