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|government_type = Parliamentary |leader_title1 = Monarch |leader_name1 = Elizabeth II |leader_title2 = Governor |leader_name2 = Colin Roberts |leader_title3 = Chief Executive |leader_name3 = Keith Padgett |leader_title4 = UK minister responsible |leader_name4 = |legislature = Legislative Assembly |area_rank = 162nd |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area_km2 = 12,200 |area_sq_mi = 4,700 |percent_water = 0 |population_estimate = 2,932 |population_estimate_rank = 220th |population_estimate_year = 2012 |population_census = |population_census_year = 2012 |population_density_km2 = 0.26〔 |population_density_sq_mi = 0.65 |population_density_rank = 241st |GDP_PPP = $164.5 million〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = 222nd |GDP_PPP_year = 2007 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $55,400〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 10th |sovereignty_type = Establishment |established_event1 = British rule reasserted |established_date1 = 1833 |established_event2 = Crown colony |established_date2 = 1841 |established_event3 = British Dependent Territory |established_date3 = 1981 |established_event4 = British Overseas Territory |established_date4 = 2002 |established_event5 = |established_date5 = 2009 |Gini_year = 2010 |Gini = 34.17 |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = 64th |HDI_year = 2010 |HDI_change = |HDI = 0.874 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 20th |currency = Falklands pound |currency_code = FKP |iso3166code = FK |time_zone = FKST |utc_offset = −3 |drives_on = left |calling_code = +500 |cctld = .fk |footnote_a = "Song of the Falklands" is used as the islands' anthem at sporting events. |footnote_b = Fixed to the pound sterling (GBP). |footnote_c = The Falklands has been on FKST year-round since September 2010. }} The Falkland Islands (; (スペイン語:Islas Malvinas) (:malˈβinas)) are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf. The principal islands are about east of South America's southern Patagonian coast, at a latitude of about 52°S. The archipelago, with an area of , comprises East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 smaller islands. As a British overseas territory, the Falklands have internal self-governance, and the United Kingdom takes responsibility for their defence and foreign affairs. The islands' capital is Stanley on East Falkland. Controversy exists over the Falklands' discovery and subsequent colonisation by Europeans. At various times, the islands have had French, British, Spanish, and Argentine settlements. Britain reasserted its rule in 1833, although Argentina maintains its claim to the islands. In April 1982, Argentine forces temporarily occupied the islands. British administration was restored two months later at the end of the Falklands War. The population (2,932 inhabitants in 2012) primarily consists of native-born Falkland Islanders, the majority of British descent. Other ethnicities include French, Gibraltarian and Scandinavian. Immigration from the United Kingdom, the South Atlantic island of Saint Helena, and Chile has reversed a population decline. The predominant (and official) language is English. Under the British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983, Falkland Islanders are British citizens. The islands lie on the boundary of the subantarctic oceanic and tundra climate zones, and both major islands have mountain ranges reaching . They are home to large bird populations, although many no longer breed on the main islands because of competition from introduced species. Major economic activities include fishing, tourism and sheep farming, with an emphasis on high-quality wool exports. Oil exploration, licensed by the Falkland Islands Government, remains controversial as a result of maritime disputes with Argentina. == Etymology == The Falkland Islands take their name from the Falkland Sound, a strait separating the archipelago's two main islands. The name "Falkland" was applied to the channel by John Strong, captain of an English expedition which landed on the islands in 1690. Strong named the strait in honour of Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount of Falkland, the Treasurer of the Navy who sponsored their journey.〔See: * , * .〕 The Viscount's title originates from the town of Falkland, Scotland, whose name comes from "folkland" (land held by folk-right). The name was not applied to the islands until 1765, when British captain John Byron of the Royal Navy, claimed them for King George III as "Falkland's Islands".〔See: * , * .〕 The term "Falklands" is a standard abbreviation used to refer to the islands. The Spanish name for the archipelago, ''Islas Malvinas'', derives from the French ''Îles Malouines'' — the name given to the islands by French explorer Louis-Antoine de Bougainville in 1764. Bougainville, who founded the islands' first settlement, named the area after the port of Saint-Malo (the point of departure for his ships and colonists).〔See: * , * .〕 The port, located in the Brittany region of western France, was in turn named after St. Malo (or Maclou), the Christian evangelist who founded the city. At the twentieth session of the United Nations General Assembly, the Fourth Committee determined that, in all languages other than Spanish, all UN documentation would designate the territory as ''Falkland Islands (Malvinas)''. In Spanish, the territory was designated as ''Islas Malvinas (Falkland Islands)''. The nomenclature used by the United Nations for statistical processing purposes is ''Falkland Islands (Malvinas)''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Falkland Islands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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