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Malören
Malören ((フィンランド語:Maluri)) is an island in the Kalix archipelago of northern Sweden. It lies to the southwest of Sandskär, but is not part of the Haparanda Archipelago National Park. Malören has the shape of an atoll, with sandbanks around an inland sea. It came into existence about 1,500 years ago when the area began to rise by per century. Since 1997, the island has been a nature reserve, encompassing . On the island is a chapel, built in 1769, and a lighthouse, built in 1851.
==History==
The island attracted fishermen in the 1600s and 1700s, especially from the Finnish side of the nearby border.〔 Attracted by the herring, fisherman came from Torneå and from Karlö in Ostrobothnia setting up two separate communities on the island with up to 200 people living there during the summer. A pole marker was set up in 1725, and ten years later made into a beacon (a painted marker that functions like a lighthouse but has no light).〔 Fishing became very productive during the second half of the 18th century when ten percent of the catch used to be donated to the priest in Torneå.〔 As result of the island's prosperity, in 1768, a chapel was established there on the orders of the magistrate of Torneå. With its tall spire, it became known as "Skärgårdens domkyrka" ("cathedral of the islands").
Malören became a pilot station in 1827.〔(Ingrid Burman, "Malören - en pärla i Bottenviken" ), ''Norrbottens Kurien''. Retrieved 3 November 2013.〕 In 1851, a tall lighthouse was built, the first to be designed by Gustaf von Heidenstam. A somewhat smaller lighthouse was built in 1891 to save manpower; however, this newer tower was closed down in about 1910 and the older one again placed in service, now with a gas-powered light; the keepers were withdrawn at the same time and pilots took over their maintenance. When telephone service arrived in 1932, the pilot station was combined with that on another island, Erikören, and Malören no longer had a pilot living there year-round.〔 In 1958, the lighthouse was replaced with a Dalén light.
The first dock was not constructed on the island until 1929. To assist with launching the pilot boat when the wind was in a difficult direction, there used to be rails from the north to the south side of the island; the boat was pulled on a trolley to where it could more conveniently be launched.〔 A concrete harbour was built over four years in the 1950s but had to be abandoned in 1967 because of erosion. The harbour can be accessed at its easterly breakwater in a calm sea by boats with a draft up to , although this can change due to the on-going deposition of sediment on the sea floor. Other parts of the harbour are completely filled with rocks and sand that have been brought in with the tide. Line markers fixed with lights on the outer leading line fitted with white light provide the navigation guide to boats. The inner line is fitted with red lights and the harbor is sheltered from southerly gales. When very strong southerly/south-westerly winds are blowing, the harbor approach is difficult. The old Swedish “Domänverket” wooden jetty, now known as “Sveaskog”, was rebuilt in the middle of the 1970s.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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