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Mambises
The term mambises ((mambí: Definition as per Royal Spanish Academy of Language dictionary ) in the singular) refers to the guerrilla Cuban independence soldiers who fought against Spain in the Ten Years' War (1868–78) and Cuban War of Independence (1895–98). The term is found applied in different history texts to any person who fought for independence during the wars of independence including soldiers of Chinese, American, and Spanish origin.〔Triana, Mauro García, and Pedro Eng Herrera. ''The Chinese in Cuba, 1847-Now''. Lexington Books, 2009. Print.〕〔Pérez, Lisandro. ''Cuban Studies 34''. University of Pittsburgh Pre, 2004. Print〕
==Origin of the term==
Most commonly, the word mambí is associated with Juan Ethnnius Mamby 'Eutimio Mambí'. Mamby was a black Spanish military officer who deserted to fight with the Dominicans against the Spanish in Santo Domingo in 1846. As Mamby and his men gained fame, the Spanish soldiers began referring to them as “the men of Mamby” or “mambises”.
The surviving Spanish soldiers, who had been fighting in Santo Domingo, were then sent to Cuba once the Ten Years' War broke out in 1868. These soldiers, noting the similar tactics and machetes use by the Cuban independence fighters as by the original “men of Mamby”, began calling the Cuban independence fighters mambises. Though this was meant as a racial and derogatory slur towards the Cuban rebels, the Cubans accepted and started using the name with pride.〔Brogdon, K. d. ''The Guardian: The Story of a Texas Ranger-Rough Rider, American Hero''. iUniverse, 2010〕〔Spencer C. Tucker. ''The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History''. ABC–CLIO, 2009〕
Other sources cite the term to be of Congo origin or, as stated by Esteban Montejo in ''Biography of a Runaway Slave,'' mambí refers to the child of a monkey crossed with a buzzard.〔“Cuba Journal: Ejército Mambí.” ''Cuba Journal'' 16 Mar. 2011. Web. 22 May 2012〕〔Barnet, Miguel. ''Biography of a Runaway Slave''. Curbstone Books, 1995〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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