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The Mamluk dynasty of Iraq (Arabic: ') was a dynasty which ruled over Iraq in the 18th and early 19th centuries.〔The Rise and Fall of the Communist Party of Iraq, Tareq Y. Ismael, I. 1.〕〔A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War, Andrew James McGregor, p57〕 In the Ottoman Empire, Mamluks were freed slaves who converted to Islam, were trained in a special school, and then assigned to military and administrative duties. Such Mamluks presided over Ottoman Iraq from 1704 to 1831. The Mamluk ruling elite, composed principally of Georgian officers, succeeded in asserting autonomy from their Ottoman overlords, and restored order and some degree of economic prosperity in the region. The Ottomans overthrew the Mamluk regime in 1831 and gradually imposed their direct rule over Iraq, which would last until World War I, although the Mamluks continued to be a dominant socio-political force in Iraq, as most of the administrative personnel of note in Baghdad were drawn from former Mamluk households, or comprised a cross-section of the notable class in Mamluk times.〔 ==Background== The early 18th century was a time of important changes both in Constantinople and in Baghdad. The reign of Sultan Ahmed III (1703–30) was marked by relative political stability in the capital and by extensive reforms—some of them influenced by European models—implemented during the Tulip Period by Grand Vizier İbrahim Pasha. As in the previous two centuries, Iraq continued to be a battleground between the rival Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire. The region suffered from frequent inter-clan struggles.〔Litvak, Meir (2002), ''Shi'i Scholars of Nineteenth-Century Iraq: The 'Ulama' of Najaf and Karbala'', pp. 16-17. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-89296-1.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mamluk dynasty of Iraq」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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