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Mamucium
Mamucium, also known as Mancunium, was a fort in the Roman province of Britannia. The remains of the fort, protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument, are in the Castlefield area of Manchester in North West England ().〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=76731 ) Retrieved on 29 December 2007.〕 Founded c. AD 79, Mamucium was garrisoned by a cohort of auxiliary soldiers and guarded the road running from Chester to York. A ''vicus'', or civilian settlement made up of traders and the families of the soldiers, grew outside the fort and was an area of industrial activity.
The site lay in ruins until the Industrial Revolution when Manchester expanded and the fort was levelled to make way for new developments. It was damaged by the construction of the Rochdale Canal and the Great Northern Railway. The site is now part of the regenerated area of warehousing alongside the Rochdale Canal, part of the Castlefield Urban Heritage Park. Reconstructed remains of the fort's gatehouse, granaries, and some buildings from the ''vicus'' are on display to the public.
==Location==
When the Roman fort in Castlefield was built, it was on a naturally defensible sandstone bluff, guarding a nearby crossing over the River Medlock.〔Gregory (2007), p. 1.〕 The fort was near a junction between at least two Roman roads. It guarded the road between the legionary fortresses of Deva Victrix (Chester) and Eboracum (York) running east to west, as well as the road between Manchester and Bremetennacum (Ribchester) to the north.〔Gregory (2007), pp. 1–2.〕 In addition, Mamucium may also have overlooked a lesser road running north west to Coccium (Wigan).〔Gregory (2007), p. 2.〕 The fort was one of a chain of fortifications along the Eboracum to Deva Victrix road, with Castleshaw Roman fort lying to the east,〔Walker (1999), p. 15.〕 and Condate (Northwich) to the west. Stamps on tegulae indicate that Mamucium had administrative links not only with Castleshaw, but also with Ardotalia, the nearest fort,(12 miles), Slack and Ebchester; all the forts probably got the tegulae from the same place in Grimescar Wood near Huddersfield.〔Walker (1999), p. 78.〕
The area around the fort changed greatly in the centuries that followed; the remains are now surrounded by mills built during Industrial Revolution and were further damaged by the subsequent urbanisation of Manchester. Castlefield is at the south west corner of Manchester city centre and the Rochdale Canal cuts through the southern corner of the fort.〔 Deansgate, which has developed into a busy thoroughfare, passes close to the east of the fort and follows the general line of Roman road to Ribchester and Castlefield.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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