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Mandolone
A mandolone is a member of the mandolin family, created in the 18th Century. It is a bass range version of the Neapolitan mandolin.〔Sterling Publishing Company, New York, ''Musical Instruments of the World'', page 188〕 Its range was not as good as the mandocello, which replaced it in mandolin orchestras, and had largely disappeared in the 19th Century.〔(Vincent Schisano, Virtual Sorrento, ''Manolone'' )〕
Besides the lesser range, compared to the mandocello, the mandolone was also a quieter instrument. This was a problem, because the other instruments making up the mandolin orchestras were getting louder. In regular orchestras, it had to be heard with violins, violas and cellos, which were getting louder as well.〔(alfonsotoscano forums, Gianfranco Feb 16, 2009 ''Re: MANDOLONE'' )〕
==Experts unclear over definition==
Donald Gill pointed out that there is some uncertainty as to the exact nature of the instruments or what they were tuned to. He wrote about the 1989 book that James Tyler and Paul Sparks wrote together, ''The Early Mandolin: the Mandolino and the Neapolitan mandolin.'' He quoted Paul Sparks as saying the four-course Roman mandolone was "usually referred to as a liuto." This was important because the instrument did not seem to match the music written for it, and that it is unclear whether "mandolone" refers to a large mandoline or the Roman instrument created by Gaspar Ferrari. He felt that the two authors had not addressed the instrument definitively, leaving questions of interpretation.〔(Donald Gill, Reviews of books, ''James Tyler and Paul Sparks. The Early Mandolin: the Mandolino and the Neapolitan mandoline. Early Music Series, 9. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. x. 186p.'' )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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