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Mandrill
The mandrill (''Mandrillus sphinx'') is a primate of the Old World monkey (Cercopithecidae) family, closely related to the baboons and even more closely to the drill. It is found in southern Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and Congo. Mandrills mostly live in tropical rainforests and forest-savanna mosaics. They live in groups called hordes. Mandrills have an omnivorous diet consisting mostly of fruits and insects. Their mating season takes place from June to October.
Both the mandrill and the drill were once classified as baboons in the genus ''Papio'', but recent research has determined that they should be separated into their own genus, ''Mandrillus''.〔 Mandrills are the world's largest monkeys. Charles Darwin wrote in ''The Descent of Man'' that "no other member in the whole class of mammals is coloured in so extraordinary a manner as the adult male mandrill's". The mandrill is classified as vulnerable by IUCN.
==Description==
The mandrill has an olive green or dark grey pelage with yellow and black bands and a white belly. Its hairless face has an elongated muzzle with distinctive characteristics, such as a red stripe down the middle and protruding blue ridges on the sides. It also has red nostrils and lips, a yellow beard and white tufts. The areas around the genitals and the anus are multi-colored, being red, pink, blue, scarlet, and purple. They also have pale pink ischial callosities.〔 The coloration of the animal is more pronounced in dominant adult males. Both sexes have chest glands, which are used in olfactory communication. These, too, are more prominent in dominant adult males. Males also have longer canines than females, with an average of and 1.0 cm, respectively.
The mandrill has one of the greatest sexual dimorphisms among the primates. Males typically weigh , with an average mass of . Females weigh roughly half as much as the male, at and an average of .〔(Changes in the Secondary Sexual Adornments of Male Mandrills (''Mandrillus sphinx'') Are Associated with Gain and Loss of Alpha Status (Joanna (Jo) Setchell) – Academia.edu ). Durham.academia.edu. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.〕 Exceptionally large males can weigh up to .〔(Mandrill ). WAZA – World Association of Zoos and Aquariums – Virtual Zoo.〕〔(Comparative Mammalian Brain Collections: Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) ). Brainmuseum.org. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.〕 The average male is long and the female is , with the short tail adding another .〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Mammals: Mandrill )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = National Geographic )〕 The shoulder height while on all fours can range from in females and in males. The male Mandrill is the heaviest monkey in the world, although its total length is relatively short due to its vestigial tail and, due to its high sexual dimorphism, baboons such as the Chacma and Olive average around the same weight. Compared to the largest baboons, the mandrill is more ape-like in structure, with a muscular and compact build, shorter, thicker limbs that are longer in the front and almost no tail.〔Burnie D and Wilson DE (Eds.), ''Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife''. DK Adult (2005), ISBN 0789477645〕〔Kingdon, Jonathan ''Kingdon Guide to African Mammals'' (1993) ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9〕 Mandrills can survive up to 31 years in captivity. Females reach sexual maturity at about 3.5 years.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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