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Mangalia
Mangalia ((:maŋˈɡalia), (トルコ語:Mankalya), ancient Callatis ((ギリシア語:Κάλλατις/Καλλατίς)), other historical names: Pangalia, Panglicara, Tomisovara), is a city and a port on the coast of the Black Sea in the south-east of Constanța County, Romania.
The municipality of Mangalia also administers several summer time seaside resorts: Cap Aurora, Jupiter, Neptun, Olimp, Saturn, Venus.
==History==
From the 9th century it was known by the Turks as Pangalia, by the Romanians as Tomisovara, and by the Greeks as Panglicara, and it was one of the most important ports on the west coast of the Black Sea. Mangalia is the oldest continuously inhabited city on the present territory of Romania.
A Greek colony named Callatis was founded in the 6th century BC by the city of Heraclea Pontica.〔Amphoras from Callatis (Romania), International Journal of Nautical Archaeology,()〕 Its first silver coinage was minted approximately 350 BC. In 72 BC, Callatis was conquered by the Roman general Lucullus and was assigned to the Roman province of Moesia Inferior. Throughout the 2nd century AD, the city built defensive fortifications and the minting of coinage under the Roman emperors Septimius Severus and Caracalla continued. Callatis suffered multiple invasions in the 3rd century AD but recovered in the 4th century AD to regain its status as an important trade hub and port city.〔Michael Grant, "A Guide to the Ancient World", New York: Barnes and Noble Books 1997, p. 140.〕 From 7th to 11th century the city was under the rule of the First Bulgarian Empire.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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