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Mangalore() is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka. It is known as Kuḍla in Tulu, Maikāla in Beary, Koḍiyāḷ in Canarese Konkani. It is located about west of the state capital, Bangalore. Mangalore lies between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghat mountain ranges, and is the administrative headquarters of the Dakshina Kannada (formerly ''South Canara'') district in south western Karnataka. With its pristine beaches, broad roads and calm localities, Mangalore was ranked the 8th cleanest city of India. Mangaluru was ranked India's 13th best destination for business.〔http://coastaldigest.com/index.php/news/58572-bangalore-ranked-indias-top-business-destination-mangalore-at-13th-place〕 It developed as a port on the Arabian Sea—remaining, to this day, a major port of India. Lying on the backwaters of the Netravati and Gurupura rivers, Mangalore is often used as a staging point for sea traffic along the Malabar Coast. The city has a tropical climate and lies in the path of the Arabian Sea branch of the South-West monsoons. Mangaluru's port handles 75 per cent of India's coffee and cashew exports.〔 Mangaluru was ruled by several major powers, including the Kadambas, Alupas, Vijayanagar Empire, Keladi Nayaks, and the Portuguese. The city was a source of contention between the British and the Mysore rulers, Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan. Eventually annexed by the British in 1799, Mangalore remained part of the Madras Presidency until India's independence in 1947. The city was unified with the state of Mysore (now called ''Karnataka'') in 1956. Mangaluru is demographically diverse with several languages, including Tulu, Canarese Konkani, Kannada, Urdu, Malayalam and Beary commonly spoken, and is the largest city in Dakshina Kannada district. Mangaluru is one of the most cosmopolitan non-metro cities of India. It is also the largest city in the Coastal and Malnad regions of Karnataka, besides being a leading commercial, industrial, educational, healthcare and petrochemical hub on the West Coast. Mangaluru city urban agglomeration extends from Ullal in the south to Surathkal in the north, covering a distance of over 35 km.The city's landscape is characterised by rolling hills, coconut palms, freshwater streams and hard red-clay tiled-roof buildings. ==Etymology== Mangalore was named after the Hindu deity Mangaladevi, the presiding deity of the Mangaladevi temple or a synonym of Tara Bhagvati of the Vajrayana Buddhist sect. According to local legend, a princess from Malabar named Parimala or Premaladevi renounced her kingdom and became a disciple of Matsyendranath, the founder of the Nath tradition. Having converted Premaladevi to the Nath sect, Matsyendranath renamed her ''Mangaladevi''. She arrived in the area with Matsyendranath, but had to settle near Bolar in Mangalore as she fell ill on the way. Eventually she died, and the Mangaladevi temple was consecrated in her honour at Bolar by the local people after her death. The city got its name from the temple. One of the earliest references to the city's name was made in 715 CE by the Pandyan King Chettian, who called the city ''Mangalapuram''. According to K.V. Ramesh, President of the Place Names Society of India, ''Mangaluru'' was first heard in 1345 CE during the Vijayanagar rule. Many ''shilashasanas'' (stones) of Vijayanagar period refer the city as ''Mangalapura''. Even before that, during the Alupas period, it was referred to as ''Mangalapura''. People from Kerala call it as ''Mangalapuram'' in Malayalam ('Mangala' means 'auspicious'). The city is well known as ''Mangaluru'' in Kannada, a reference to Mangaladevi (the suffix ''uru'' means town or city). During the British occupation from 1799, ''Mangalore'' (anglicised from ''Mangaluru''), stuck as the official appellation.〔 However, according to historian George M. Moraes, the word "Mangalore" is the Portuguese corruption of ''Mangaluru''.〔 The name of this town also appears in maps as early as the 1652 Sanson Map of India.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url =http://www.geographicus.com/P/AntiqueMap/India-sanson-1652 )〕 Mangalore's diverse communities have different names for the city in their languages. In Tulu, the primary spoken language, the city is called Kuḍla'','' meaning "junction", since the city is situated at the confluence of the Netravati and Gurupura rivers. In Canarese Konkani, Mangalore is referred to as Koḍiyāḷ'', ''while the Beary name for the city is ''Maikala.'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mangalore」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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