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Manipur () is a state in northeastern India, with the city of Imphal as its capital. Manipur is sometimes called alternative names such as Kangleipak or Sanaleibak.〔Naorem Sanajaoba (1995), ''Manipur: Treatise & Documents'', Volume 1, ISBN 978-8170993995, Introduction〕 It is bounded by Nagaland to the north, Mizoram to the south, and Assam to the west; Burma lies to its east. The state covers an area of . Its people include the Meetei, Kuki, Naga, and Pangal peoples, who speak Sino-Tibetan languages. Manipur has been at the crossroads of Asian economic and cultural exchange for more than 2,500 years.〔Naorem Sanajaoba (editor), ''Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization'', Volume 4, Chapter 1: NK Singh, ISBN 978-8170998532〕 It has long connected the Indian subcontinent to Southeast Asia, enabling migration of people, cultures and religions.〔Naorem Sanajaoba (editor), ''Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization'', Volume 4, Chapter 4: K Murari, ISBN 978-8170998532〕 It has also witnessed many wars, including fighting during World War II. During the British Raj, the Kingdom of Manipur was one of the princely states.〔Naorem Sanajaoba (Editor), ''Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization'', Volume 4, Chapter 2: NT Singh, ISBN 978-8170998532〕 Between 1917 and 1939, the people of Manipur pressed for their rights against the British Rule. By the late 1930s, the princely state of Manipur negotiated with the British administration its preference to be part of India, rather than Burma.〔S. M. A. W. Chishti, ''Political Development in Manipur, 1919–1949'', ISBN 978-8178354248〕 These negotiations were cut short with the outbreak of World War II. On 21 September 1949, Maharaja Budhachandra signed a Treaty of Accession merging the kingdom into India. This merger is disputed by groups in Manipur as having been completed without consensus and under duress. The dispute and differing visions for the future has resulted in a 50-year insurgency in the state for independence from India, as well as in violence between ethnic groups in the state.〔 Over 2010–2013, the militant insurgency was responsible for the violent death of about 1 civilian per 100,000 people, each year.〔 The world average annual death rate from intentional violence has been 7.9 per 100,000 people.〔 The Meetei ethnic group,〔Khomdan Singh Lisam, ''Encyclopaedia Of Manipur'', ISBN 978-8178358642, pp. 322–347〕 represents majority of the population of Manipur state. The language of the Meetei people, Meitei (or ''Manipuri''), is the lingua franca in Manipur. By comparison, indigenous tribal peoples constitute 30% of the state population; they are distinguished by dialects and culture that are often village-based. Manipur's ethnic groups practice a variety of religions.〔 Manipur has primarily an agrarian economy, with significant hydroelectric power generation potential. It is connected to other areas by daily flights through Imphal airport, the second largest in northeastern India.〔 Manipur is credited with introducing polo to Europeans. ==Etymology== Manipur has been known throughout the ages as Kangleipak or Meeteileipak〔Laininghan Naoria Phulo, ''Meetei Haubham Wari'' (''The Origin History of Meeteis''), 1934.〕 as well as by other names.〔Naorem Sanajaoba, ''Maipur Past and Present'', Mittal Publication, Delhi, 2005〕 Sanamahi Laikan wrote that officials during the reign of Meidingu Pamheiba in the eighteenth century adopted Manipur's new name. According to Sakok Lamlen, the area had different names in its history. During the Hayachak period, it was known as ''Mayai Koiren poirei namthak saronpung'' or ''Tilli Koktong Ahanba''; in the Khunungchak period it was ''Meera Pongthoklam''. During the Langbachak era, it became ''Tilli Koktong Leikoiren'', and finally ''Muwapali'' in the Konnachak epoch.〔Ningthoujongjam Khelchandra, ''History of Ancient Manipuri Literature'', Manipuri Sahitya Parishad, 1969〕 Neighbouring cultures each had differing names for Manipur and its people. The Shan or Pong called the area ''Cassay'', the Burmese ''Kathe'', and the Assamese ''Meklee''. In the first treaty between the British East India Company and Meidingu Chingthangkhomba (Bhagyachandra) signed in 1762, the kingdom was recorded as Meckley. Bhagyachandra and his successors issued coins engraved with "Manipureshwar", or "lord of Manipur", and the British discarded the name Meckley. Later on, the work ''Dharani Samhita'' (1825–34) popularised the Sanskrit legends of the origin of Manipur's name.〔Gangmumei Kabui, ''History of Manipur'', National Publishing House, Delhi, 1991.〕 The term ''Kanglei'', meaning "of Manipur/Kangleipak", is used to refer to items associated with the state where the term ''Manipuri'' is a recent given name. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manipur」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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