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Mannequin
A mannequin (also called a manikin, dummy, lay figure or dress form) is an often articulated doll used by artists, tailors, dressmakers, windowdressers and others especially to display or fit clothing. The term is also used for life-sized dolls with simulated airways used in the teaching of first aid, CPR, and advanced airway management skills such as tracheal intubation and for human figures used in computer simulation to model the behavior of the human body. During the 1950s, mannequins were used in nuclear tests to help show the effects of nuclear weapons on humans.
''Mannequin'' comes from the French word ''mannequin'', which had acquired the meaning "an artist's jointed model", which in turn came from the Flemish word ''manneken'', meaning "little man, figurine". In early use in the United Kingdom, it referred to fashion models themselves, the meaning as a dummy dating from the start of World War II.〔1902 '' Pall Mall Mag''. XXVII. 119 Another salon ornamented with tall mirrors in which were reflected the slender elegant figures of several mannequins, most of them exceedingly pretty and all arrayed in magnificent dresses... 1939 M. B. Picken ''Lang. Fashion'' 97/2 Mannequin model of human figure for display of garments, hats, furs, etc. 〕
==History==
Shop mannequins are derived from dress forms used by fashion houses for dress making. The use of mannequins originated in the 15th century, when miniature "milliners' mannequins" were used to demonstrate fashions for customers.〔Steele, Valerie (ed.). ''Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion''. Vol. 2. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005. p. 377〕 Full-scale, wickerwork mannequins came into use in the mid-18th century.〔 Wirework mannequins were manufactured in Paris from 1835.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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