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Mantua ((イタリア語:Mantova) ; Emilian and Latin: ''Mantua'') is a city and comune in Lombardy, Italy, and capital of the province of the same name. In 2016, Mantua will be Italian Capital of Culture, as chosen by the Italian Government on Tuesday the 27th of October 2015. In 2017, Mantua will also be European Capital of Gastronomy, included in the Eastern Lombardy District (together with the cities of Bergamo, Brescia and Cremona). In 2007, Mantua's ''centro storico'' (old town) and Sabbioneta were declared by UNESCO to be a World Heritage Site. Mantua's historic power and influence under the Gonzaga family has made it one of the main artistic, cultural, and especially musical hubs of Northern Italy and the country as a whole. Mantua is noted for its significant role in the history of opera; the city is also known for its architectural treasures and artifacts, elegant palaces, and the medieval and Renaissance cityscape. It is the place where the composer Monteverdi premiered his opera ''L'Orfeo'' and where Romeo was banished in Shakespeare's play ''Romeo and Juliet''. It is the nearest town to the birthplace of the Roman poet Virgil, who was commemorated by a statue at the lakeside park "Piazza Virgilio". Mantua is surrounded on three sides by artificial lakes, created during the 12th century, as the city's defence system. These lakes receive water from the Mincio River, a tributary of the Po River which descends from Lake Garda. The three lakes are called ''Lago Superiore'', ''Lago di Mezzo'', and ''Lago Inferiore'' ("Upper", "Middle", and "Lower" Lakes, respectively). A fourth lake, Lake Pajolo, which once served as a defensive water ring around the city, dried up at the end of the 18th century. The area and its environs are important not only in naturalistic terms, but also anthropologically and historically; research has highlighted a number of human settlements scattered between Barche di Solferino and Bande di Cavriana, Castellaro and Isolone del Mincio. These dated, without interruption, from Neolithic times (5th–4th millennium BC) to the Bronze Age (2nd–1st millennium BC) and the Gallic phases (2nd–1st centuries BC), and ended with Roman residential settlements, which could be traced to the 3rd century AD. ==History== Mantua was an island settlement which was first established about the year 2000 BC on the banks of River Mincio, which flows from Lake Garda to the Adriatic Sea. In the 6th century BC, Mantua was an Etruscan village which, in the Etruscan tradition, was re-founded by Ocnus.〔Fagles, Robert, ed.: ''The Aeneid'' (2006), 10.242, Penguin Group, ISBN 0-670-03803-2〕〔Lucchini, Daniele: ''Rise and fall of a capital. The history of Mantua in the words of who wrote about it'' (2013), ISBN 978-1-291-78388-9〕 The name may derive from the Etruscan god Mantus. After being conquered by the Cenomani, a Gallic tribe, Mantua was subsequently fought between the first and second Punic wars against the Romans, who attributed its name to Manto, a daughter of Tiresias. This new Roman territory was populated by veteran soldiers of Augustus. Mantua's most famous ancient citizen is the poet Virgil, or Publius Vergilius Maro, (''Mantua me genuit''), who was born in the year 70 BC at a village near the city which is now known as Virgilio.〔Conte, Gian Biagio. Trans. Joseph B. Solodow ''Latin Literature: A History'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mantua」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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